北京大学环境问题外籍专家讲座——新草场生态学.pptxVIP

The New Rangeland Ecology: A Bud that Blossomed to a Flower新草场生态学：学科发芽的过程;Main Points要点;Outline汇报内容;Rangelands草场;Central question: What is the impact of management on rangelands?核心问题：管理对草场带来的影响;We usually manage at the “plant community” scale平常在植物群落的尺度上进行管理;Ecosystem Models:生态系统模型; Why do scientists create models?科学家为什么建立模型？ Why do managers want models? 管理者为什么需要模型？ ;What causes vegetation change?那些因素导致植被的变化？;Models for Vegetation Change at Management and Plant Community Scales在植物群落与管理尺度上的植被动态模型;Succession Model演替模型;Clements: Space for Time Study in the Tallgrass Prairie克莱门茨：高杆草原在空间上的时间分析;Assemble into “successional sere”归结到生态演替系列;Linear, deterministic (Clementian) succession for a specific climate具体气候下的线性的、确定性的演替;Linear succession model线性演替模型;Controversial among scientists, with other ideas promoted, but no big change until the 90s.科学家之间的争议，直到90年代没有变化;But, a perfect fit to management needs at the time.但，很好地适应与当时的管理需求;Adopted for Management管理者的采取;Used for “Range Condition”;“Rangeland Condition”草场情况;Management goal: Find the right level of grazing to maintain “good” or better condition based on succession theory管理目标：基于演替理论，需要合适的放牧程度来保持较好的草场状态;For government managers对于政府的决策者;20th Century: Four assumptions for rangeland development in U.S.20世纪：管理美国草场发展提出四个设想;Outcome: Stronger government control;Management Method管理方法;;Clementian succession: does the model fit arid rangelands?克莱门茨演替：该模型是否适合用在干旱草场?？;“Linear Deterministic Succession”;Problem I: Not Linear问题：非线性;“Range Condition”草场状态;=;The concept of degradation is highly subjective退化的观点的是主观性强;Major driver of change is grazing放牧是变化的主导;Problem III: Major driver of change is abiotic factors非生物因素是变化的主导;;Grazing Animal;Problems with the model: it is not a good fit 模型的问题：不匹配;Building a better model….建立更好的的模型;Non-equilibrium theory seeks to explain: 非平衡理论解读;Non-Equilibrium Dynamics 非平衡动态;Management Model: States and Transitions 管理模型：状态-过渡模型;States and transition models must be for specif