特殊句型学案.docVIP

2015届高考英语专项复习----特殊句式 【命题分析】 辨别句子结构是考生应对高考应具备的能力之一。英语中句子结构很多，也很容易混淆。特殊句式内容比较杂乱，掌握起来有一定的难度。其中倒装句是高考的热点，强调句是高考的难点。同时，祈使句与陈述句的区别、省略与替代的合理运用等是高考考查的重点项目。 一、倒装 Ⅰ.完全倒装 谓语动词完全放置主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句。这类句型主要有两种： 1．为了强调状语，把表示方位或时空的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等，置于句首时。如： In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor. South of the river lies a small factory. Here is the book you want. Now comes your turn. 注意：上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。如： Away they went.他们走了。 Over it turns！它翻过来了。 2．表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。如： Present at the meeting were some scientists from China. Gone are the days when we were poor. Ⅱ.部分倒装 1．only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。如： Only in this way can we learn English well. Only when he returned did we find out the truth. 注意：only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。如： Only you can solve the problem. 2．否定副词never，nor，not，hardly，little，seldom，scarcely，rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time，under/in no circumstances，in no case，by no means，on no condition等置于句首时。如： Never before have I seen such a moving film.＝I have never seen such a moving film before. Not a single mistake did he make.＝He didn’t make a single mistake. 3．hardly...when...，no sooner...than...，not only...but also...等引导两个分句时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不变。但当neither...nor...引导两个分句时，两个分句都要部分倒装。如： Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him. Neither do I know，nor does she. 4．so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也(不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/nor＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语……。so与前面的肯定句呼应，neither，nor与前面的否定句相呼应。如： They love having lots of friends，so do those with disabilities. I don’t know who he is，nor do I want to know. 注意：so表示“是的，确实”重复上文，表示赞同对方的观点时，主谓语不倒装。如： —It is too hot.天太热了。 —So it is.是啊，的确很热。 5．在so/such...that...句式中，如果so/such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装，如谓语为be的一般现在式或一般过去式，则完全倒装。如： So dark was it that he couldn’t see the faces of his companions. So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him. 6．以as引导的让步状语从句，其表语应提到句首，其余部分不变。如果从句的表语是个名词时，要把名词前的冠词去掉。though引导的让步状语从句也可以