《哈佛大学公开课：公正-该如何做是好？》第9-12集英中字幕.doc

目 录 第9集 2 第10集 36 第11集 76 第12集 110 第12集 146  第9集 (新集)关于平权运动的争论 Arguing Affirmative Action 上节课我们讨论了Rawls 描述的 Last time,we were discussing the distinction, that Rawls draws 两种不同类型主张的区别 between two different types of claims. 其一：道义应得（moral desert） Claims of moral deserton the one hand, 其二：合法期望 （legitimate expectations ） and of entitlement to legitimate expectations on the other. Rawls 指出 认为分配正义 就是关于道义应得 的问题 Rawls argued that its a mistake to think that distributive justice is {\fntahoma\3cHFF8000}a matter of moral desert, 就是根据人们的品行 进行奖赏，这样想是错误的。 {\fntahoma\3cHFF8000}a matter of rewarding people according to their virtue. 今天，我们将继续探讨 道义应得 Today were going to explore that question of moral desert 以及它与分配正义的关系 and its relation to distributive justice. 它与收入丰足无关 Not in connection with incoming wealth, 而是与机会有关 but in its connection with opportunities. 与雇佣决策 和录用标准 有关 With hiring decisions and admission standards. 因此，我们来转到“平权行动” 这个案例 （平权行动，就是给少数族裔和女性提供教育、就业方面的一点特殊照顾） And so we turn to the case, of affirmative action. 你们读过Cheryl Hopwood的案例 You read about the case of Cheryl Hopwood. 她申请了 得克萨斯州立大学的法学院 She applied for admission to the University of Texas Law School. Cheryl Hopwood 通过勤工俭学读完高中 Cheryl Hopwood had {\fntahoma\3cHFF8000}worked her way through high school, 她并非来自富裕的家庭 she didnt come from an {\fntahoma\3cHFF8000}affluent family, 她让自己读完了社区学院 she put herself through community college, 以及 加州州立大学 萨克拉门托分校 and California State University at Sacramento. 她取得了3.8分的平均成绩 She achieved a 3.8 grade point average there, 后来 她移居 得克萨斯，成为那里的居民 later moved to Texas, became a resident, 参加了法学院的录取考试 took the law school admissions test, 取得了优良的成绩 did pretty well on that, 她申请了 德州大学的法学院 and she applied to the University of Texas Law School. 但被拒绝了 She was turned down. 她被拒绝的时候，正值德州大学 实行 She was turned down at a time when the University of Texas, “平权行动” 的录取政策时期 was using an {\fntahoma\3cHFF8000}affirmative action admissions policy. 这项政策着重考虑 A policy that took into account, 肤色 和 种族背景 race and