高中基础英语知识.doc

被动语态的用法不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如：Some windows were broken last night. 一些了。(不知道的)This novel was published in 1984.这本出版于1984年。强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：The window was broken by John.窗户是打破的。This novel was written by her.这本是写的。sell, wash, write, lock, shut, close, open, read, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 This type of TV set sells well. 6. to let（出租），to blame（责备）只用主动形式表被动意义。 This flat is to let. 这套公寓出租 Who is to blame for it? 这要怪谁？ 7. 有些形容词后接不定式作状语时，常用主动形式表被动意义。此类形容词有：easy, hard, difficult, cheap, expensive, fit, nice, good, funny, exciting, light, heavy, dangerous, comfortable, delicious等。动词是不及物动词时要加相应的介词。例如： The fish is delicious to eat. 这鱼好吃。 8. 有些动词或动词短语本身是不及物的, 所以没有被动语态。如：happen, take place, break out, occur, last, come into being; belong to; cost; come true; add up to; give out (用完, 耗尽); run out, come up (被提出), come out (出版). 9. 部分介词往往具有动词含义, 表示被动意义, 如：be on (进行); be on show = display (展览); be on sale; be under discussion/ attack/ control/ construction/ repair/ investigation --- 练习题 1. The silk shirts made by that factory ______ easily and _____ well. A. washes; sell B. are washed; are sold C. wash; sell D. are washed; sell 2. The water in this lake has been polluted and isn’t fit _______. A. to drink with B. to be drunk C. to drink D. to be drinking 3. After the tourists were lost in the mountains for a whole week, their food and water ______. A. were run out B. ran out C. used up D. were given out 4. The digital camera is high in price, but it’s well worth _______. A. purchased B. to be purchased C. purchasing D. being purchased 5. Though they have retired from the company, the workers _______ of how the business is going on. A. are to inform B. are informed C. will inform D. are informing 6. —What’s that noise? （2008浙江卷） — Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine ______. A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been tested 7. 桯as the