专四习题培训.ppt

TEM-4 Grammar and Vocabulary 考试内容 1．考题涉及面宽，几乎所有词类；动词的非谓语形式；各种从句及关系词的用法；动词时态、虚拟语气、情态动词的用法；独立主格，主谓一致，倒装，强调、并列结构等基本语法知识。? 2．语法考试的重点突出，语法考试反复出现的是：主从复合句以及连接词用法（状语从句，定语从句）、动词时态语态、非谓语动词(独立主格)、虚拟语气，情态动词。 主从复合句以及连接用语的用法 一、名词性从句的热点及透析 考点概述： 1.陈述句做主语时，引导词that 不省。可用it 做形式主语，主语从句后置。同位语从句that 也不能省。 E.g: That he won the game is what everyone expected. 2. what, how, when, where 等特殊疑问词后可以加不定式to do ，用作名词性。 3.注意 whatever， whoever，whenever， wherever等引导主语或者宾语从句，表示“无论什么、谁、什么时候、什么地方”，不是简单等于no matter what/who/when/where E.g: we can assign the task to whoever is capable and trustworthy. 4.注意区分if 和whether 相同点：if和whether都可以引导主/宾语从句。 特殊点： A.引导宾语从句if 不直接与or not 连用，whether 可以，if 用要or not 放句尾。 B. 引导主语从句whether可以放句首，if 只能用在it 的形式主语结构。 C.介词宾语从句只能用whether E.g: I don’t know if/whether he is still there. I don’t know whether or not he is still there. Whether he is still there is not certain. It is not certain if/ whether he is still there. I am concerned about whether he is still there. 5. 认清同位语从句。 A.多以that引导。疑问代词who，which，what 以及疑问副词where，when，why，how 也可以做引导词。 B. 同位语从句引导词that在从句中不做任何成分，不省。从句为名词性功能，补充说明先行词的具体内容 C.同位语先行词多为抽象概念词。 哪些是同位语从句？ It is a fact that you can’t deny. It is a fact that she has done her best. I have no idea what happened to her. There arose the question where we could get the loan? A message came to him from Mr. Johnson that the manager could not see him that day. 记住下列惯用语提高表达能力，又可以跟用同位语从句： On condition that On the grounds that With the exception that Despite the fact that On the pretence that (自称) D.同位语真题举例： 1.Have you ever been in a situation ___ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him? A. by which? B. that? ?C. in where???D. where 2.There is no doubt ___the company has made the right decision on the sales project. A. why B. that C. whether D. when  二、形容词性（定语）从句的热点及透析 考点概述： 1.当先行词是不定代词时（all，much，few, little, some, any, none, anything, something, nothing, everything）关系代词只用that，宾语时that 可以省略。 E.g: That is all (that) I could do at that time.