毕业论文抽油机设计.doc

概 述 石油开发到一定阶段后，油层压力下降，油井停止自喷，因而采用机械采油方法继续开采。世界各产油国都广泛应用有杆泵抽油的方法进行采油。 有杆泵抽油装置是由地面的抽油机、井下的抽油泵及抽油杆柱所组成。抽油机是有杆泵采油装置的重要地面设备，是一种把动力机的连续圆周运动变成抽油杆柱及抽油泵柱塞的往复直线运动，从而将地下原油开采出来的机械设备。所以说抽油机是有杆泵采油中十分重要的设备之一。 抽油机的种类较多，概括起来可分为以下几种：按有无游梁可分为游梁式抽油机和无梁式抽油机；按结构型式可分为常规型游梁式抽油机、前置型游梁抽油机、偏置型游梁抽油机和异相型游梁式抽油机。本篇论文设计的便是CYJY10-4.2-70BH型异相型游梁式抽油机。 异相型游梁式抽油机的设计思路有三个方面：首先，扩大抽油机冲程长度以提高泵效。异相型游粮式抽油机由于用变径圆弧形的后驴头代替了常规机的游梁后臂，游梁与横梁之间采用柔性件连接，使其主结构在常规机四杆机构的基础上发生了质的飞跃，而变成了“变参数四杆机构”。这种特殊四杆结构工作时，其游梁后臂有效长度、连杆长度随其曲柄转角的变化而变化，不但改善了四杆机构的异型机工作中受“死角”制约的程度放宽，因而可以采用适当增大游梁摆角的方法来实现抽油机的长冲程；其次，改善平衡效果以降低能耗。异相型游梁式抽油机是以常规机为基础模式，从改变抽油机的扭矩因数入手，通过改变抽油机的结构，实现“加强抽油机的平衡效果以降低净扭矩峰值和能耗；扩大抽油机的冲程以提高泵效和综合技术指标”；再次，能够满足不同粘度原油开采的需要。异相型游梁式抽油机设计时，在考虑和优化“变参数四杆机构”动力特性、传动特性的同时，巧妙地考虑了悬点上下冲程所占用曲柄转角的问题，从而使异型机在曲柄正转时上冲程曲柄转角大于180°，曲柄反转时上冲程转角小于180°即靠改变曲柄的转向可实现“慢上快下”和“慢下快上”两种工作方式。 summary Oil development get sure stage, the reservoir pressure drops, the oil well stops blowing, adopt machinery recover the oil the method continue and is exploited. World produce oil national capital use and have pole pump release method of oil recover the oil extensively each. Have pole pump to pump oil device by to pump oil machine, releasing oil pump and pump pole post of oil make up in the pit ground.Release oil machine have pole pump recover the oil the important ground equipment of the device , it is one that turn continuous circular motion of generator into and pump oil pole post and release oil pump to be that post fill to reciprocate rectilinear motion, thus the mechanical equipment exploiting the underground crude oil out. So say that there are pole pumps one of the very important equipment while recovering the oil to pump the oil machine. There is more kind of pumping oil machine can be divided into the following several kinds: According to visit roof beam can divide into person who visits roof beam release oil machine and have roof beam type release the oil machine; According to structure pattern can divide into routine visit roof beam pump oil of,