Mineral_Nutrition-Liao_Hong-1(minimizer).ppt

NUTRIENT UPTAKE BY THE ROOT How Plants Tolerate Al ALMT1: First Al Tolerance Gene Model of Fe uptake by graminaceous plants. Phytosiderophores (PS) are synthesized in the cytoplasm from methionine by way of nicotianamine (1). An Fe deficiency-inducible plasma membrane (PM) transporter is involved in release of PS into the rhizosphere (2). Another Fe deficiency-inducible transporter in the PM recognizes the Fe-PS complex and transports it intact into the cytoplasm (3). Phytosiderophores effective ferric chelators mugineic avenic acids Strategy II Fe-deficient potato plant Fe-deficient corn leaves First in the younger leaves; Youngest leaves may often be completely white and totally devoid of chlorophyll ; For cereals: alternate yellow and green strips along the length of the leaf Iron Deficiency (Chlorosis) Table of Contents Introduction Functions of Some Essential Nutrients Plant Nutrition Under Stresses Perspectives Biotic stresses Abiotic stresses Plant Nutrition Under Stresses Acid Mineral Soils Alkaline Soils Waterlogged and Flooded Soils Heat Stress Freezing Stress Saline Soils Nutrient toxicity and deficiency diseases, insects, weeds etc. Distribution of Acid Soils ACID SOILS AND ALUMINUM TOXICITY Third most abundant element in the earth’s crust 30 - 40 % World’s arable soils are acidic At soil pH values below 5, Al3+ solubilizes into the soil solution Al Toxicity: Al3+ is the major toxic species Al toxicity is an important limit to agricultural productivity worldwide Many cellular targets Cell division and elongation Generates free radicals Al3+ is an analog of Mg 2+ Yield reduction inhibition of root growth inhibition of nutrient and water acquisition Al Toxicity: Al3+ is the major toxic species Aluminum Toxicity Effects of Al exposure on root growth of Al-resistant Atlas66 and Al-sensitive Scout 66 cultivars of wheat. Seedlings were grown for four days in 0.6 mM CaSO4 solutions containing 0, 5, 20, or 50 uM AlCl3 (pH 4.5). Control Uptake int