六级汉译英ppt.ppt

汉译英应试原则 手法灵活（如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达） 语法正确（避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误） 内容忠实（必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删） 语言闪光（译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确、多样） 汉译英基本程序 1．理解 通读并透彻理解原文含义 2．翻译 确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词 3．审校 首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译；其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。发现错误，及时改正。 虚拟语气 If only _______________(他知道这病是可以治好的)! Then he would not have killed himself. he had known this disease is curable 1. 同现在事实相反的假设 If they were here, they would help you. 条件从句　　　　　主句 一般过去时　　　should( would) +动词原形 2. 表示于过去事实相反的假设 If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.　 条件从句　　　　　 主句　　　　　 过去完成时　　　 should(would) have+ 过去分词 3. 混合条件句 If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在) 4. 对将来情况的主观推测（可能相反或可能性很小） 从句谓语动词形式 ① should+动词 　　② 一般过去式③were to do可能性最小 主句谓语动词形式　　　 should/would/ could/might+动词原形 　 If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter.  　　 It’s high time that _______________(采取措施解决交通堵塞的问题). measures were taken to solve the problem of traffic jams We insist that _______________(让杰克立刻进医院). Jack (should) be sent to hospital right now advise (advice), agree (agreement), decide (decision), demand, determine (determination), grant, indicate (indication), insist (insistence), order, prefer (preference), propose (proposal), request, require (requirement), resolve (resolution), suggest (suggestion), urge, vote; It is essential that _______________(每个人都为紧急情况做好准备). everyone (should) be prepared for emergency 在It is/was +形容词后的that从句中常用“sb. should do”的形式表示建议惊奇等。 这类形容词常见的有：advisable, anxious, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, important, impossible, improper, natural, necessary, preferable, proper, urgent, vital, 等 倒装句 Scarcely had she fallen asleep _______________(一阵敲门声就把她吵醒). when a knock at the door awakened her 前面常用过去完成时，后面用一般过去时。 Hardly …..when No sooner…than Only then _______________(那个医生才意识到他的病人需要手术). did the doctor realize that his patient needed surgery 当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序