写作讲座及范文.ppt

写作的六项基本原则 一）、长短句原则 写一个短小精辟的句子可以起到画龙点睛的作用。而且如果把短句放在段首或者段末，也可以揭示主题： As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 二）、主题句原则 　　To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam（主题句）. Without enough preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly. 三）、一二三原则 1）first, second, third, last 2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally 3）the first, the second, the third, the last 4）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly 5）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally 6）to start with, next, in addition, finally 7）most important of all, moreover, finally 8）on the one hand, on the other hand 9）for one thing, for another thing 四）、短语优先原则 　　写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如： 　　I cannot bear it. 　　可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it. 　　I want it. 　　可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it. 　　这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。 五）、多实少虚原则 写文章应该写一些实际的东西，不要空话连篇。这就要求一定要多用实词，少用虚词。 这里所说的虚词指那些比较空泛的词。比如要描述“好”的时候，不应该只说nice这样空洞的词，应该使用一些诸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warm-hearted, hospital之类的形象词。 六）、多变句式原则 　　1）加法（串联） 　　都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and,但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说： 　　I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar. 　　如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式： 　　Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm. 　　其它的短语可以用： 　　besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover 2）转折（拐弯抹角） 　　批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点。　　The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition. 　　The coat was thin, but it was warm. 　　更多的短语： 　　still, however, in spite of, anyhow, anyway 3）因果（so, so, so） 　　The snow began to fall, so we went home. 　　更多短语： 　　then, therefore, as a result, for this reason, so that 范文两篇 College Graduates Work as Village Officials Some college graduates choose to work as village of