初中语法-四个基本时态.doc

动词时态 Ⅰ. 一般现在时 一般现在时的基本用法 表示经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与表示频率的副词或者词组连用。如：always, usually, often, sometimes, every morning/day/week/month, once a week/month, twice a week, seldom, never等。 He usually gets up at 6:00. Tom drinks milk every day. My mother goes to the supermarket twice a week. 表示现在的状态，习惯和能力。例如： He likes playing football. He is a student. The soup tastes good. Lucy knows three languages. 表示永恒的真理，客观事实和格言。例如： The sun rises in the east. Water boils at 100℃. The earth goes round the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 在时间或条件从句中，须用一般现在时表示将来动作。例如： If I see Lucy I will ask her. I will tell her after you leave. He wants to be a teacher when he grows up. Turn off the lights before you leave. I won’t tell her unless she asks me. 有时表示按计划，规定要发生的动作。（句中都带有时间状语词）但仅限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, open, close等，例如:?? The plane takes off at 9:30 a.m. ?? The train starts/leaves at nine in the morning. 一般现在时的基本构成 一般现在时的构成主要有两种形式： 1）be型：句子的谓语动词只有be（am，is或are）： a．肯定句中，只出现be，如： I am ... She /He /It is... We /You /They are... b．否定句中，要在be后面加not，如： I am not ... She /He isnt... We /You /They are not... c．一般疑问句，要将be放在句子开头，句尾用问号，答语用Yes，主语+be或No，主语+be+not．如： —Are you ready? —你准备好了吗？ —Yes，I am. /No，Im not. —Are they students? —Yes, they are. /No, they aren’t. 2) 实义动词型：句中的谓语动词为实义动词: a. 肯定句中, 主语（第一、二人称和复数）+ 动词原形 + 宾语 I usually get up at 7 every morning. b. 肯定句中, 主语（第三人称单数she, he, it）+ 动词词尾要加-S + 宾语 （一般的动词词尾+S。以sh /ch /s /x结尾的词+es. 以辅音加字母y结尾的把y变成i, +es。辅音字母+o结尾的+es.), 为清楚明了我们在此用表格形式来说明： 一般动词加-s work—works come—comes take—takes look—looks 以sh /ch /s /x结尾的词加-es watch—watches teach—teaches pass—passes guess—guesses wash—washes 以辅音字母+y结尾的词把y变成i加-es study—studies carry—carries 以元音字母+y结尾的词直接加-s play—plays buy—buys 以辅音字母+o结尾的词加-es go—does do—does c. 否定句中，要在实义动词前面加do/does not(常缩写成dont/doesnt)，do/does作助动词，本身无意义。如： I dont like veget