十二、定语从句.ppt

十二、定语从句 语法精讲 在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,通常用逗号与主句分开。 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关系副词。关系词代替先行词,在从句中充当一定的成分。 考点一　关系代词who,whom,whose引导的定语从句 1.who指人,在定语从句中作主语。如: The little boy who is singing there can recite quite a number of poems.正在那儿唱歌的那个小男孩能背诵很多首诗。 2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,可省略。如: The author (whom) you criticized has written a letter in reply. 你批评的那位作者写了一封回信。 3.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中作定语。如: Many children, whose parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village.很多他们的父母 去大城市工作的孩子,在村里得到了很好的照顾。 A person whose email account is full won’t be able to send or receive any emails. 电子邮箱满了的人将不能收发任何电子邮件。 考点二　关系代词that和which的区别 先行词本身是that时 关系代词前有介词时 非限制性定语从句中 只用which 不用that 的情况 先行词既有人也有物时 当主句中的先行词是疑问词who或which时 先行词被the very,the only等修饰时 先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身就是序数词、形容词最高级时 先行词是everything,anything,nothing,few,little,all,none等不定代词或被all,little,few,much,any,every,no等修饰时 只用that 不用which 的情况 说明 类别 如: There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.世界上对他来说好像没有不可能的事。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗? My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。 The reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear. 他拒绝邀请的原因不清楚。 考点三　as/which引导定语从句的区别 1.在限制性定语从句中,which指代先行词是物的名词或代词,而as指代先行词 是物或人的词,且先行词前一般有as,so,such,the same等限定语。 This is the pan which I boiled the milk in. 这就是我煮牛奶的锅。 There are as many dictionaries as are needed. 所需要的字典都有了。 She is so nice a girl as we all like. 她是个我们大家都喜欢的如此好的女孩。 David is such a good boy as all the teachers like. 大卫是所有老师都喜欢的一个好男孩。 2.定语从句修饰说明的是整个主句的内容时,as引导的定语从句可以放在主 句之前、之中或之后;which引导的从句一般只置于主句之后。 As we know,air is a gas.=Air,as we know,is a gas. =Air is a gas,as we know. 众所周知,空气是一种气体。 He keeps changing his mind,which made us all angry. 他不断地改变主意,这使我们大家都很生气。 3.定语从句修饰说明的是整个主句的内容时,w