定语从句与状语从句.ppt

一、含义 在主句中担任定语的从句叫做定语从句。位于所修饰的名词或代词之后，这种名词或代词叫做先行词。 (1) Yesterday I ran into an old friend who I hadn’t seen for years. (2) Anyone who sees the lion is asked to telephone the zoo. 区别： 1.限制性定语从句无 “,” ,非限制性定语从句有。 2.非限制性定语从句不用that，关系词在从句中做宾语时也不可以省略。 1.The person whom you should ask is Mr. Ball. 2.That man, whom I met yesterday, is a film director. 关系连词用法： 当先行词表人和物时，关系代词做主语可用who/which/that，做宾语时用who/whom/which/that 或省略。 选用关系代词还是关系副词，完全取决于定语从句的结构。如定语从句中有主语和宾语，则要求用关系副词，相反则用关系代词。具体分三步走： 1.分析先行词，先看先行词是表示人，物还是时间，地点，原因，方式等。 2.分析代替先行词的关系词在从句中担任什么成分，或者分析句子中缺少什么成分，如需主语，表语，定语或宾语，则使用关系代词（who，whom，that，which，whose）；如从句中需状语则用关系副词（where，when，why） 3.判断是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。 1.This is the development zone_____ I visited last year. A. which B where 2. This is the development zone _____ I worked last year. A. which B where 以下特定情况用which和whom不用that: 非限制性定语从句不用that。 He was very crude to the customs officer, which of course made things even worse. 2.介词后不用that。 Do you know the boy to whom I spoke just now. 3. 如有两个定语从句，其中前一句用关系代词that 则后一句应用which。 Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 在某些特定的情况下用关系代词who，不用that。 1.先行词是one，anyone，those指人时，不用that。 Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. 2.指人的先行词与定语从句之间被其它词隔开。 I met a foreign student from Nanjing University who could communicate with me in Chinese. 3. Here be 或 There be 开头的句子。 Here is the man who often comes to my help. 4. 一个句子中指人的先行词有时带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用that，另一个则多用who。 The boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard. That 用法： 1.先行词是指物的不代词，如：all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。 如：I didnt understand the words all that he said. (当先行词是指人的不定代词：everyone，anyone时，关系代词用who） Eg. Anyone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the light. 2.先行词由最高级、序数词所修饰。 如：This is the most beautiful place that I have been to . 3. 当先行词被the only, the very 等词修饰。