小学五六年级奥数解题技巧(精品)(国外英文资料).docVIP

小学五六年级奥数解题技巧(精品) Special subject on the drawer principle [case 1] a group of 13 students, of whom at least 2 students on the same month birthday. Why? [analysis] there are 12 months in a year, and the birthday of any person must be in one of these months. If the 12 months as the 12 drawer, the 13 classmates birthday as 13 apple, the 13 apples in the 12 drawer, must be placed at least 2 apples in a drawer, that is to say, there are at least 2 students in the same birthday april. [case 2] any 4 natural numbers, in which the difference of at least two numbers is a multiple of 3. Why is that? [analysis and resolution] first of all, we must make it clear that if the two natural numbers are divided by the same number of 3, then the difference between the two natural numbers is a multiple of 3. And any number of natural numbers divided by 3, or 0, or 1, or 2, according to these three cases, we can divide the natural numbers into 3 categories. These 3 types are the 3 drawers were going to make. We think of 4 numbers as apples. According to the drawer principle, there must be at least 2 numbers in a drawer. In other words, 4 natural numbers are divided into 3 categories, and at least two are of the same class. Since it is the same class, then the two numbers are the same as the remainder of the 3. Therefore, the difference between any 4 natural numbers, at least 2 natural numbers, is a multiple of 3. [3] there are 5 sizes with the same color socks 15 mixed in the box, but no matter how, how many can guarantee the removal of at least 3 pairs of socks (socks from the box without the left and right branch)? [analysis and explanation] just imagine, take out 6 and 9 socks from the box, can you make up 3 pairs of socks? The answer is No. Make 5 drawers in 5 colors. According to the drawer principle, 1, as long as you take out 6 socks, there is always one drawer with 2 pieces. These 2 can be matched into one pair. Take this pair, there are still 4, if you fill 2 into 6, and then a