adverse_drug_reaction_药学英语.pptVIP

Unit 4 Adverse Drug Reactions 1.Definition Adverse drug reactions are unwanted effects caused by normal therapeutic doses .Drugs are great mimics of diseases, and adverse drug reactions present with diverse clinical signs and symptoms.药物不良反应是正常的治疗剂量造成不必要的影响是伟大的模仿疾病和??药物不良反应，出现不同的临床症状和体征的药物。 2.Classification The classification proposed by Rawlins and Thompson divides reactions into type A and type B. 2.1 Type A reactions ,which constitute the great majority of adverse drug reactions, are usually a consequence of the drug’s main pharmacological effect (bleeding from warfarin) or a low therapeutic index (nausea from digoxin), and they are therefore predictable, They are dose—related and usually mild, although they may be serious or even fatal (intracranial bleeding from warfarin). Such reactions are usually due to incorrect dosage (too much or too long)), for the individual patient or to disordered pharmacokinetics, usually impaired drug elimination. The term “side-effects” is often applied to minor type-A reactions.罗林斯和汤普森提出的分类划分为A型和B型反应2.1类型à反应，构成绝大多数药物不良反应，药物的主要药理效应（华法林出血）或一个低的治疗指数（恶心地高辛）的后果，以及他们因此可预见的，他们是剂量相关的，通常是温和的，虽然他们可能是严重的，甚至是致命的（颅内出血华法林）。这样的反应通常是由于不正确的剂量（过多或过长）），个别病人或无序的药代动力学，通常药物消除受损。术语“副作用”小A型反应往往是应用。 2.2 Type-B Type-B (idiosyncratic) reactions are not predictable from the drug’s main pharmacological action, are not dose-related and are severe, with a considerable mortality. The underlying pathophysiology of type B reactions is poorly if at all understood, and often has a genetic or immunological basis. Type B reactions occur infrequently(1:1000-1:1000 treated subjects being typical) B型（特质）的反应是不可预测的药物的主要药理作用，剂量无关，是严重的，死亡率相当。基本的病理生理B型反应差，如果在所有的理解，往往有遗传或免疫学基础。 B型反应很少出现的（1:1000-1:1000治疗对象是典型） Adverse drug reactions due to specific drug-drug interactions are studied. Three further minor categories of adverse drug reactions have been proposed. 1 Type C-continuous reactions due to long-term drug use (neuroleptic-related