Ch03OS 中文概要1.pptxVIP

Operating Systems Concepts 1 A Computer Model An operating system has to deal with the fact that a computer is made up of a CPU, random access memory随机存取存储器(RAM), input/output (I/O) devices, and long-term storage. 2 Disk Drive 磁盘驱动器 RAM CPU 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 . . . I/O OS Concepts An operating system (OS) provides the interface between the users of a computer and that computer’s hardware. An operating system manages the ways applications access the resources in a computer, including its disk drives, CPU, main memory主存储器, input devices输入设备, output devices, and network interfaces. An operating system manages multiple[mʌltɪp(ə)l] users. An operating system manages multiple programs. 3 Multitasking[mʌlti,tɑ:skiŋ,-,tæsk-]多重任务处理 Give each running program a “slice” of the CPU’s time 时间片. The CPU is running so fast that to any user it appears that the computer is running all the programs simultaneously [saiməl‘teiniəsli]同时地。 4 Public domain image from /wiki/File:Chapters_meeting_2009_Liam_juggling.JPG The Kernel[kɜːn(ə)l]直接内核 The kernel is the core component of the operating system. It handles the management of low-level hardware resources底层硬件资源, including memory, processors[prɔ:sesəz]处理器, and input/output (I/O) devices, such as a keyboard, mouse, or video display视频显示器. Most operating systems define the tasks associated with the kernel in terms of a layer, with the hardware components硬件组件, such as the CPU, memory, and input/output devices being on the bottom, and users and applications being on the top. 5 Input/Output The input/output devices of a computer include things like its keyboard, mouse, video display, and network card, as well as other more optional devices [dɪ‘vaɪs]选配装置, like a scanner [’skænə]扫描仪, Wi-Fi [‘waɪfaɪ]无线上网技术interface, video camera摄影机, USB ports, etc. Each such device is represented in an operating system using a device driver设备驱动程序, which encapsulates [ɪn‘kæpsjʊleɪt ]封装 the details of how interaction [ɪntərækʃ(ə)n]相互作用with that device should be d