Comprehension and expression in English概要1.pptVIP

PRESENTATION Comprehension and expression in English. 英译汉翻译的基本程序 1.通读并透彻理解原文。翻译之前仔细研读原文，解决好“翻译什么”的问题。边读边琢磨，确切理解原文所述事物本身的含义与之相关的外延联想，如原句的中心意思是什么，有没有褒贬义或寓意，对其中的修饰语的把握等。 2. 组织语言。考生要根据上下文的语境选择适当的词汇和表达手段。 3. 表达。 考生要从内容和语言两方面来考虑译文，尤其注意不能扭曲原意，不能错译或漏译。 4. 审校。这是英汉翻译过程中必不可少的环节。考生将自己的译文与原文进行对照，看看译文是否忠实于原文，是否通顺易懂，是否符合汉语规范。 1. The meaning of a word （词义） Extended meaning 引申意义 Intensional meaning 内含意义 Extensional meaning 扩展意义 Connotative meaning 内涵意义 Denotative meaning 外延意义 词义判定方法 1.1上下文判定 Example. This war is becoming the most important story of his generation. 这场战争将成为这一代人最重大的事件。 Some reporters who were not included in the sessions broke the story. 没有参与那次会议的记者把内情捅了出去。 A young man came to her office with a story. 一个年轻人去她的办公室报案。 It seems that time is ripe for the Department of Employment and the Department of the Education to get together with the universities and produce a revised educational system that will make a more economic use of the wealth of talent ,application and industry currently being wasted on diplomas and degrees that no one wants to know about. 就业部门和教育部门应该和各大学携手起来，改革教育制度，使之更有效的利用学校的人才资源，更充分的发挥学生的应用能力和刻苦钻研精神，而不是像现在这样把一切都浪费在无人想了解的文凭和学位上，这一时机已经成熟。 1.2根据搭配判定 Example fast color 不易褪掉的颜色 fast asleep 熟睡的 break one’s fast by drinking some milk 开斋喝了点牛奶 stick fast in the mud 牢牢陷在泥里 delicate living 奢侈的生活 delicate difference 讲不清楚的区别 I have done a good day’s work. 我干了整整一天的活。 The younger brother wants the good half of the bread. 弟弟想要那一大半面包。 …yet ,as it sometimes happens that a person departs his life ,who is really deserving of the praises the stone cutter carves over his bone ;who is a good Christian ,a good parent ,a good child ,a good wife or a good husband. ……不过也偶然有几个死人当得起石匠刻在他们朽骨上的好话。真的是虔诚的教徒，慈爱的父母，孝顺的儿女，贤良的妻子，尽职的丈夫。 1.3从词的语法形式判断 确定一个词义，还可以从词本身的语法形式变化来确定。英语中许多名词，用作可数和不可数，意思不大相同。如： agreement 同意 an agreement 协定 people 人民 a people 民族 hostility 敌意 hostilities 战争 use 使用