英语语法6.虚拟语气.ppt

英语动词的语气 虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 特殊形式的虚拟语气 混合虚拟语气 含蓄虚拟条件句  英语动词的语气 英语动词的三种语气 陈述语气：用来陈述事实 祈使语气：用来表示请求、命令或劝告 虚拟语气：用来表示说的话不是事实，或者不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议、假设的语气 虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 一、表示愿望、期待的虚拟语气 1）wish + 宾语从句 2）if only + 陈述句 3）would rather / sooner + 从句 wish + 宾语从句if only + 陈述句 I wish I were a bird. （表示现在的愿望） I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake. （表示过去的愿望） If only I knew his name! If only we had listened to their advice! would rather / sooner + 从句 would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。 I would rather you paid me now. I’d rather you posted the letter right away. I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long. I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday. Don’t come tomorrow.I’d rather you came next weekend. 二、表示假设条件的虚拟语气 表示现在的假设 表示过去的假设 表示将来的假设 三、表示要求、建议、命令的虚拟语气 宾语从句 主语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 1.用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的that宾语从句中，这类动词有： ask, advise, arrange, beg, command, decide, demand　desire, determine, insist, intend, maintain , propose, object, order, prefer，require, request,　recommend,　suggest， pray  1.She advised that we should keep the gate locked.（书面体） 2.She advised us to keep the gate locked.（口语） 3.She advised keeping the gate locked.(较随便) 有一些动词是多义词 suggest 1) “建议” 2)“暗示、表明” insist 1)“坚持要求” 2)“坚持认为、坚持表白”, decide 1)“决定” 2)“认定、断定”, ask 1)“要求” 2)“闻讯” 只有当以上动词用作祈使意义的时候，受其限定的宾语从句的谓语才使用 be式虚拟  Compare： The principal suggested that the vacation be cut short to two days. The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied. My brother insisted that I give away my rights to have my fathers house. The bookseller insisted that I stole his book, but I didn’t. The president decided that the trip be cancelled. The police decided that the old man was the murderer. 2.用于It is+形容词或过去分词+主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有： desirable, insistent, important, vital, imperative, essential, necessary, preferable,crucial