英语语法语气精讲.pptx

语气 目录 CONTENTS 语气的种类 虚拟语气的用法 语气的种类 英语中一般有三种不同的语气，不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。 陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实或提出一种看法，有 肯定、否定、疑问等形式。谓语动词受人称、数、时态的限制。 Actions speak louder than words 祈使语气：表示请求、命令、警告或劝告等。 Don’t be late next time! 虚拟语气：表示说的话不是事实，或不可能发生，只是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 虚拟语气 在if条件从句中的用法 虚拟语气是由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表达出来的，可表示与现在、过去、将来事实相反的假设。 从句 主句 例句 与现在事实相反 ①动词用过去式 ②be用were Should/would/could/might + do If I knew the answer, I would tell you. 与过去事实相反 had done Should/would/could/might+ have done If I had known more about giving first aid, I could have helped them. 与将来事实相反 ①动词用过去式 ②should + do ③were to + do Should/would/could/might + do If it should (were to) rain tomorrow, I would stay at home. 虚拟语气 虚拟条件句中的省略和倒装 当虚拟条件句中有were, had, should等词时，可省略if。省略if时，主语必须与were, had, should等词的位置相互调换，即构成倒装句。 If I were in your position, I would do it better. = Were I in your position, I would do it better. 错综时间条件句 当主句和从句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 If I had studied harder in school, I could qualify for the job now. (从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反） If we shouldn’t have an exam this afternoon, I would go shopping now. (从句表示与将来事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反） 虚拟语气 含蓄条件句 有时虚拟条件不用从句表达，而用介词without, but for等或只暗含在上下文中、某些短语中来表示。 Without/But for air(=If there were no air),we couldn’t live. I am busy now, otherwise(=if I were not busy now),I would help you. Given more attention , the tree could have grown better. 过去分词短语暗示条件 含有责备语气的虚拟结构 needn’t have done（表示做了本不必要做的事） should/ought to have done（表示过去本该做而未做到） might have done（本应该做而不曾做） could have done （本能够做而实际上未做） 习题 If the workers hadn’t helped, the experiment____ A. would have failed B. had failed C. fail D. have failed If he ___harder, he___ tomorrow’s exam. A. had