LCA 产品生命周期分析概要1.pptVIP

Life Cycle Assessment LCA Why LCA? Quantify the environmental impact of a product or process* Answer questions about product life cycles Compare two alternatives - which is greener? Identify the harmful stages of the life cycle *or carry out a qualitative assessment – quick but subjective The LCA system + Transport Extraction of materials Processing of materials Manufacture and assembly Use and maintenance Reuse and recycling Waste management ENERGY RAWMATERIALS EMISSIONS TO AIR EMISSIONS TO WATER SOLIDWASTE UTILITY (FUNCTION) system boundary Stages of an LCA: 1 – goal, scope and units Example – electric and disposable razors - why are we doing it? - what is the system? - what is the functional unit? - to improve designs - manufacture, use and disposal - 1 year’s close shaves at 1 per day The system processes - flowcharts Example: wooden table Identifies the system boundary Flows in and out – materials, energy (E) and transport use (T) Shows all the processes involved in the life cycle Excludes selected processes – e.g. minor ones, or unknown Shows end-of-life alternatives, with probability Flowchart exercise 1: electric shaver Steel production Manufacture and assembly Distribution Use Shaver disposal Landfill EMISSIONS TO AIR EMISSIONS TO WATER SOLIDWASTE UTILITY (shaving) system boundary UK Elec. generation E Transport T Polymer production Electronics production Recycling 30% 70% E E E T Packaging production …what’s missing? T Flowchart 2: disposable razor blades Steel production Manufacture and assembly Distribution Use Razor disposal Landfill EMISSIONS TO AIR EMISSIONS TO WATER SOLIDWASTE UTILITY (shaving) system boundary UK Elec. generation E Transport T Polymer production E T Packaging production …what’s missing? T Blades E Hot water Soap The functional unit Milk packaging methods Goal of study: to compare packaging materials and designs from dairy to consumer, including disposal. Functional unit: 1000 litres of packed m