高中英语语法复习6.doc

高中英语语法复习（第十一讲） 非谓语动词 非谓语动词：不定式、过去分词、动词的-ing 形式 ? 不定式 过去分词 V+ing 现在分词 动名词 主语 √ × × √ 定语 √ √ √ √ 宾语 √ × × √ 宾语补 足语 √ √ √ × 状语 √ √ √ × 表语 √ √ √ √ 一、V-ing：动名词、现在分词 1. v-ing 形式 V+ing 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 (not）V-ing (not)being + V-ed 完成式 (not)having V -ed (not)having been V -ed 2. v-ing用法v-ing 形式在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾补。 Smoking may cause cancer. He tried to avoid answering their questions. One of her duties is typing letters. The man sitting next to you is our headmaster. Being angry,he can’t say a word. I saw him running down the street. 1）作主语（动名词） e.g. Finding work is difficult theses days. It was a waste of time reading that book. It’s no use/good worrying about it. 2）作宾语（动名词） e.g. Would you mind waiting a few minutes？ They are looking forward to Mary’s coming. ★后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词： 特殊动词接“动名”，使用它们要记清， “放弃”“享受”和“后悔”，“坚持”“练习”必“完成”， “延期”“避免”非“介意” 动名介宾不能忘 掌握它们你必明。 ●英语中有些动词或动词短语的后面只能跟上动名词。如 admit, appreciate, avoid, consider , give up, enjoy, regret, insist on, practise , finish, put off, avoid , mind , escape, excuse, stand(忍受) , imagine, miss, risk, suggest, can’t help(禁不住), set about, ●英语中有些动词可以接动名词也可以接不定式,但含义不同. remember to do/doing; forget to do/doing; try to do/dong; regret to do/doing; go on to do/ doing; stop to do/ doing; mean to do/ doing 3)作表语（动名词,现在分词） e.g. One of her hobbies is growing flowers. The speed of the horses was amazing. Our job is playing all kinds of music. ( 动名词 ) The music they are playing sounds so exciting. ( 现在分词 ) 一般来讲，动名词 ( 短语 ) 作表语，主语与表语可互换；现在分词作表语，表明主语的性质和特征，主语与表语不可互换。 4)作定语（动名词,现在分词） e.g. There are no swimming pools in our school. Do you know the three children walking towards us? =who are walking towards us ★ 1.v-ing 作定语时，单个的v-ing 形式放在所修饰的名词前；若是v-ing短语则要放在所修饰的名词之后 2. 动名词表示所修饰名词的用途、材料、场合等；现在分词表示所修饰名词正在进行的动作，可以换成定语从句形式。a waiting room ( = a room for waiting ) 候车室a walking stick ( = a stick for walking ) 手杖 a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping ) 卧车 running water= water that is running running