高考英语特殊句式专题学生版.docxVIP

高考英语语法复习专题 ------ 特殊句式一、考点聚焦主谓一致1、语法形式上的一致主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。The number of students in our school is 1,700.Mary and Kelly look alike.2、意义上一致（1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。The crowd wereruning for their lives.单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle等。（2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。The news is very exciting.形复意单的单词有new、works（工厂）、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、poli-tics、economics等。3、就近原则。即谓语动词的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如果连词or、either … or、neither … nor、not only … but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。Either you or I am mad.4、应注意的若干问题（1）名词作主语。①某些集体名词如family、team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。My family is going out for a trip.The whole family are watching TV.这类词常有audience、class club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public、team等。Population和“a group(crowd)of + 复数名词”也适用于这种情况，强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。②某些集体名词如people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。③单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there.④名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等；作主语时，动词一般用单数。My uncle’s is not for from here.常见的省略名词有the baker’s 、the barbar’s、the Zhang’s等。表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如：Richardson’s have a lot of old goods to sell.⑤当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数。Thirty years has passed.Five minutes is enough to finish the task.⑥不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl in my class has a dictionary.⑦如果主语有more than one … 或many a … 构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词用单数形式。More than one student has seen the play.Many a boy has bought that kind of toy.但是，“more + 复数名词 + than one”结构之后，谓语用复数。⑧一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。但如果主语用a kind of、a pair of、a series of等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。A pair of shoes was on the desk.⑨this kind of book = a book of this kind(这种书)，其谓语动词；短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men(口语)（这一类人），但this kind of men的谓语用单数，men of this kind和these kind of men的谓语用复数，all kinds of后跟复数名词，谓语用复数形式。如：This kind of m