我们的2013 MCM B题M奖论文.pdf

Team # 22803 Page 1 of 29 Water In Saudi Arabia Team 22803 February 4,2013 Abstract In this paper, we address the problem associated with determining an effective, feasible, and cost-efficient water strategy for 2013 to meet the projected water needs of Saudi Arabia in 2025 through formulating the storage, movement, desalination and conservation models respectively. First, we make a rational prediction for water demand in Saudi Arabia by perfectly fit- ting the water demand data from 1970 to 2010 and then evaluate the water shortage degree in each region. Then , we formulate an optimal movement model to account for the the least economic cost from 4 desalination plants to meet the various water needs in 13 regions. In the reused water model, we consider that promoting utilization rate and expanding wastewater net- work coverage can increase the reused water supplement. By calculating, we attain the corresponding wastewater network coverage to satisfy the water demand. When it comes to the storage, we establish another cost-efficient storage model. We can approximately determine the numbers of dams in need each region as well as the relative ratio among them through selecting various dams with different storage capacity. Finally, Taking the environment influence into account, we investigate the impact of in- crease in groundwater pumping on change of salinity level and water level. What’s more, we compare the performance between desalination and reclaimed with the CO2 emissions and the energy cost