《英语教学法》Unit 11 Teaching Reading概要1.pptVIP

The schema theory: The basic principle behind the schema theory is that texts themselves, whether spoken or written, do not carry meaning. Rather they provide signposts, or clues to be utilized by listeners or readers in reconstructing the original meanings of speakers or writers. Reading comprehension is thus an interactive process between the reader and the text. Efficient comprehension requires the ability to relate the textual material to one’s own knowledge. Comprehending words, sentences, and entire texts involves more than just relying on one’s linguistic knowledge. Every act of comprehension involves one’s knowledge of the world as well. In communications, a code is a rule for converting a piece of information (for example, a letter, word, or phrase) into another form or representation, not necessarily of the same type. In communications and information processing, encoding is the process by which information from a source is converted into symbols to be communicated. Decoding is the reverse process, converting these code symbols back into information understandable by a receiver. Decoding: The Connection to Reading Skills /content/2_1 对中国的英语教学来说，长期以来阅读教学一直是非常重要的内容。半个多世纪以来，新中国的英语教学基本以读为主，听说写为辅。这种格局的形成是有其理由的：1.上世纪九十年代以前，社会对英语的需求主要体现在对文本资料的阅读上，对口语的要求并不强烈；2. 阅读是最为便捷的英语学习方式，只要一人、一本、一词典，因此自由、独立、简单易行；3.长期以来外语教学缺乏目的语环境，信息技术远不发达，资料匮乏，通过听的途径进行语言输入没有保证，使读成为最可靠的语言输入渠道。新的时代背景下，信息技术发达，资料丰富，对外交往频繁，对听说的需求剧增；同时，这些新情况进一步巩固了阅读在中国英语教学中的地位，在数量、规模、质量、层次上对英语阅读教学提出了更新更高的要求。因此，阅读的重要地位是不可动摇的。 在强调阅读教学的基础性及不可替代性的同时，还要把听说纳入中国英语教学的基础框架内，推动整个英语教学的发展。 it suggests that our knowledge and the expectatoins about the world will strongly affect our ability to understand new information by providing a framework within which that new information might fit. 阅读理解是获取语篇意义的过程或者读者从语篇中获取信息的过程。这个个过程中，读者运用已经具备的语言知识、社会文化背景知识和学习策略，通过对书面文字符号的感知、加工进而理解作者的思想情感。 著名语言学家Christine Nuttall认为，作者将自己头脑中的信息编码（encoding），形成语篇（text），读者再把语篇解码，获取信息。作者要把他头脑里的信息（一个主意，一个事实或一种情感）传达出去，让别人理解，他首先必须把信息形诸于文字，即编码，作者亦被称为