第七章 Chapter 8 Language and society.ppt

Language and Society Chapter 8 Chris Wang, Fall 2013 Contents 8.1 Introduction/Lead in 8.2 Language varieties Standard dialect Other varieties of language Pidgin and Creole 8.3 Bilingualism and diglossia 8.4 Linguistic taboos and euphemism 8.5 Focus 1: black English 8.6 Focus 2: language and gender Lead in Pygmalion by Bernard Shaw Related movies Pygmalion 1938 My Fair Lady 1964 “Once you open your mouth, your are placed”. Language and national identity The Last Lesson Any impression on the famous quotes? Children, he said, this is the last time that I shall give you a lesson. An order has come from Berlin that no language but German may be taught in the schools of Alsace and Lorraine. A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German. Today is your last lesson in French. I beg you to pay attention. Suddenly the church clock struck twelve. The master rose from his chair. My friends, said he, my friends, ... I ... I ...?But something choked him; he could not finish the sentence. He returned to the blackboard, took a piece of chalk, and wrote in large letters, VIVE LA FRANCE. 1. Scope of Sociolinguitics 1.1 Definition of Sociolinguistics P110 a sub-field of linguists that studies the relation between language and society, between the uses of language and the social structures in which the users of language live. Q1: How is language related to society? 111 The relatedness between language and society Language is often used to establish and maintain social relationships. The use of language is in part determined by the user’s social background. And language in return, reveals information about its speaker. Language, especially the structure of its lexicon, reflects both the physical and the social environments of a society. As a social phenomenon language is closely related to the structure of the society in which it is used, the evaluation of a linguistic form is entirely social ( the postvocalic [r] ). 1.2 Speech community and speech variety Speech