2-2健康及疾病.pptVIP

Health and Illness SoN, SDU Learning objectives 说明影响健康的因素 列出常见的病人角色适应不良及心理原因 阐述健康促进的原则和策略 解释名词：健康、生存质量、健康促进 能运用现代健康观和疾病观评述护士在健康保健事业中的作用 Definition of Health 古代健康观（协调、阴阳） 近代健康观（流行病学、社会学） 现代健康观 Definition of health Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. ----World Health Organization, 1948 1989年，WHO又提出了有关健康的新概念，即“健康不仅是没有疾病，而且包括躯体健康、心理健康、社会适应良好和道德健康。” 亚健康状态(sub-health status) 亚健康状态是处于健康和疾病之间的一种状态，主观上有不适感觉，但临床检查无明显疾病，机体各系统的生理功能和代谢活力降低。 表现为躯体疲劳、易感冒、稍动即累、出虚汗、食欲下降、头痛、失眠、焦虑、人际关系不协调、家庭关系不和谐、性功能障碍等。 Variables Influencing Health Status Biological factors Psychological factors Environmental factors Lifestyle Social factors Variables Influencing Health Status-- Biological factors 生物致病因素 Genetic makeup Age Race Developmental stage Sex Variables Influencing Health Status-- Biological factors Genetic makeup It affects biologic characteristics, innate temperament, activity level, and intellectual potential. Some susceptibility of some specific diseases such as diabetes and hypertension is related to genetic makeup. Variables Influencing Health Status--Biological factors Age Disease distribution differs with age. Coronary heart disease commonly occurs in adults over the 40-year-old, but chicken pox is common in children Variables Influencing Health Status-- Biological factors Race Some diseases are more likely to occur in specific race For example: Asian have higher incidence of osteoporosis(骨质疏松) than European. Variables Influencing Health Status-- Biological factors Developmental stage Clients’ level of growth and development has a major impact on their health status. Infants has lower defense against disease Toddlers are more likely to have falls and injury Adolescents are more prone to take risky behavior Old adults have declining body function Variables Influencing Health Status-- Biological factors Sex Sex impacts the distribution of disease Som