日本残疾人立法从国家主义到个体独立演进综述 - 中国残疾人联合会.pdf

Observation and Viewpoints/ 观察视界/ 日本残疾人立法 从国家主义到个体独立演进综述* ■魏 倩 【摘要】 联合国残疾人权利公约生效以来，推动了世界上越来越多的国家有关残疾人权益保障 的立法进程。我国政府批准该公约后也致力于推进国内残疾人立法。同时，邻国日本也于2007年 加入了该公约，2011年大幅修订《残疾人基本法》，并于2013年6月通过了《残疾歧视消除法》。 在日本法律修订和新法制定的背后，可以看到法律理念上从国家主义向尊重残疾人个体独立的转 变。这种法律理念的转变符合世界残疾人立法的发展趋势。探讨日本残疾人立法的历史轨迹，无疑 对我国残疾人立法的推进具有积极参考作用，特别是法律理念的更新应当成为我国开创残疾人立法 新局面的基石。 【关键词】残疾人；残疾人权利；残疾歧视；日本 From Nationalism to Individualism the Pathway Review of Japanese Legislation on Persons with Disabilities WEI Qian 【 】 Abstract Since The UN Convention of the Right of the Persons with Disabilities took effects in 2008, it has strongly pushed forward legislation improvement on disability issues in the world. Japan joined in the Convention in 2007, and has made several efforts on its domestic laws i.e. the amendment of Disability Law in 2011 and the promulgation of Law of Elimination of Discrimination on Disability in 2013, for its ratification of the Convention. At the back of those movements of legislations, Japanese law on disabilities has transformed from the nationalism to the individualism which pays more attentions to respect persons with disabilities as the subject of rights. This transformation coincides with the international trend on disability policy, which should be introduced into Chinese legal system for future legislation on disabilities. 【 】Persons with disability; Rights of persons with disability; Discrimination on disability; Key words Japan [ 中图分类号 ]C913.69 [ 文献标识码 ]A [ 文章编号 ]2095-0810(2013)12-0093-04 引言 为我国充实和完善残疾人立法提供参考。 现代残疾立法的目标被认为在于增进残疾人的 社会融入，随着社会发展，社会融入这一传统主导 1 早期日本残疾人立法 理念得以补充甚至改动，“自治”“自决”“接纳”等 日本的残疾人立法，战后始见于 1949 年出台 概念逐步进入残疾人的视野。日本在残疾立法上， 的《身体残疾人福利法》。