动词的时态和语态.pptVIP

(2)表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态 They have worked in that factory for ten years. 他们已在那家工厂工作了十年。 He has made a lot of friends since he came to Beijing. 自从来到北京他已交了很多朋友。 (3)have been与have gone的区别 He has been to Washington twice. 他已去过华盛顿两次。(去过回来了) He has gone to Washington. 他去了华盛顿。(去了，现在不在这里) (4)Its the first/the second/the third/the last time that从句中用现在完成时 Its the first time that I have been here. 这是我第一次来这里。 Its the third time that he has made the same mistake. 这已是他第三次犯同样的错误。 注意：延续性动词与非延续性动词 ①延续性动词：表示动作可以持续一段时间。可以和时间段连用。 如： live，learn，watch，walk，teach，work，rain My grandparents have lived in the village for seventy years. 我的祖父母已在这个小村庄住了七十年。 He has worked in that office since last summer. 去年夏天以来他一直在这里工作。 ②非延续性动词：表示动作瞬间即完成，不与时间段连用 如： buy，come，arrive，open，close，join，see，leave 他已经来了半个小时了。 He has come here for half an hour. He has been here for half an hour. 他已经去世15年了。 He has died for fifteen years. He has been dead for fifteen years. He died fifteen years ago. 非延续动词的否定式可以与时间段连用 注意：一般过去时与现在完成时比较 联系：动作均发生在过去 区别：一般过去时只强调动作本身；现在完成时强调对现在的影响 He came here yesterday. 他昨天来到这里。(强调他昨天来过这里) He has come here. 他已经来了。(强调他现在还在这里) I bought a computer last month. 我上个月买了一台电脑。(强调我上月买了电脑) I have bought a computer我买了台电脑。(强调已买了电脑) 8．过去完成时：had＋过去分词 (1)表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作或存在的状态. 即过去的过去。常用时间状语：by/by the time of/by the end of/before＋过去的时间。 When I arrived there，the film had been on for ten minutes. 当我到那里时电影已开演十分钟了。 They had learned Chinese for a year before they came to China. 他们在来中国之前学过一年汉语。 (2)表示愿望、打算的词，如hope，expect，mean，suppose，want，intend等，过去完成时表示过去没能实现 I had hoped to go to Iraq. 我本希望去伊拉克。 She had meant to help you，but she had no time to spare then. 她当时本想帮助你们但腾不出时间。 特殊句式： Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚一开始就被叫停。 No sooner had the murderer come back home than he was arrested. 杀人犯刚一进家门就被抓了。 Hardly...when...；No sooner...than....“一……就”。 前一时态用过去完成时，后一时态用过去时 9．将来完成时：will have＋过去分词 到将来某一时刻为止，某一动作将完成 We will have completed the building by the end of next year. 我们将在明年年底前把楼房建好。 10．过去将来时：woul