如何成为一个六西格玛公司汇编.ppt

* Okay, now we are going back into the language of numbers and mathematics. We are going to now introduce the concept and define Process capability Ratios. Process capability ratios have been around a long time and are predominately used in the manufacturing portion of our business. There are two statistics The first is Cp which compares the width of the data set variation to the width of the spec The second is Cpk is the MINIMUM calculated value of comparing the mean and standard deviation to the upper and lower specification values * Getting a little more detailed, the Cp is looking at the process and spec width. It assumes the process mean is aligned with the spec target. ASK THE CLASS: We discussed a while ago the attributes of Precision and Accuracy, Cp is quantifying what attribute? ANSWER: Precision The industry standard for Cp is 1 the Six Sigma goal is 2 * Cpk is the calculated value that will provide the lowest value. Case in point the figure provides a example . The distribution is shifted to the left of the target value. We can see the area to the left of the LSL is much greater than the area to the right of the USL. Therefore the lower Cpk value will be used for the LSL value. Cpk is the more robust ratio because it uses the mean, standard deviation, and the specification width. It provides a better indicator for process capability. A Cpk of less than 1 is considered poor A process exhibiting a Cpk of 1.5 for short term data is our target. A value of 2.0 sustained over the long term should initiate an action to remove the measurement. * Now let’s look at A process capability ratio table. The table compare Z score, Cp, and Cpk. Note that Z= 3*Cp. The capability ratios are then align with the Defects in PPM. The two PPM are different in that the left column has a 1.5 sigma shift. LOOK at 4.5 and 6 and point to the Defect values. The column with the shift is normally used. It is used due to the fact that all process data i