中西文化起源比较概要1.ppt

Origins of Cultures River vs Sea Agricultural vs trading Family-country vs city-state Pair work Where were Chinese civilization and Western civilization originated? River vs Sea Chinese civilization Yellow River, Yangtze River Western civilization ancient Greek/Roman Mediterranean Sea---Aegean Sea Geographical features of Chinese civilization 东临沧海，西北横亘广大的荒漠，西南耸立着“世界屋脊”青藏高原和人迹罕至的横断山脉，南部是茫茫印度洋；地处大河流域，有肥沃的冲积谷地，内陆多山，宽阔的高原和崇山峻岭交错，山地、高原和丘陵约占全国土地总面积的65%，地理环境相对封闭 中华文化南北跨热带和温带两大气候带,温带区域最广，占国土面积的90％以上,以亚热带和暖温带所占面积最大 气候湿润，雨量充沛 Semi-enclosed topography 面对浩渺无际的大海只能望洋兴叹,海对于上古的中国人只意味着陆地的尽头，自然的天限。 西南部的崇山峻岭和充满烟瘴的热带大林莽，使中国与东南亚地区的文化交往变得艰难；与印度之间，矗立着难以逾越的喜马拉雅山；西北边睡是浩瀚无垠的漫漫黄沙；正北方则是冰雪覆盖，寒冷荒凉，见不到文明痕迹的“穷发之北” 。 ——与世隔绝的单体自循环发展机制——自我封闭的保守意识和盲目自尊的大国心态 。 Athens Mountainous, barren, wet winter, dry summer Costal with harbors Divided into isolated into small region by natural barriers Sparta What do you know about Sparta? Inland Agricultural Militant 正是地中海为这些不同民族和文化之间的交流、贸易、征伐、掠夺、兼并提供了最便利的通道和更广阔的战场。而这种开放的地理环境和具有较高文化势能的周边文明又为古希腊罗马文明的成长提供了丰富的养料和宝贵的经验，并且铸就了古希腊人勇于开拓进取，又长于兼容并蓄的开放型文化性格。 总结 与世隔绝的封闭的和半封闭的中国边界，使中华民族养成了独立自主的精神和排外的心理；频繁的海内外交往，使西方各民族培养了很强的开放精神 。 中华文化具有保守性和稳定性，自守、睦邻；西方文化具有扩张和冒险性，排他、傲慢。 中华文化具有居高临下的自尊心，自称“中心之国”，认为“世界以我为中心”；西方文化具有世界皆属于我的攻击性，“我在哪里，我就是中心”。 Agricultural vs Commercial Why Chinese agricultural civilization? Advantageous farming conditions Capacious land Irrigation knowledge Abundant rivers Mild climate Deep rooted farming traditions Intensive farming methods form Wei and Jin dynasties Value agriculture and contempt trade Western commercial civilization Mountainous, barren, wet winter, dry summer unfit for agriculture, fit for grapes and olives Costal with harbors convenient marine traffic Divided into isolated into small region by natural barriers City-state, believe in freedom and individualism Marine civilization featured industry and commerce Group work What are the differences between these two civilizations? Clues from the lyrics “你耕田来我织布，我挑水来你