脱硫培训讲稿剖析.ppt

The figure on the left is an example of poor spray coverage. There are areas along the walls where no spray is present, indicated by black, and other areas where there is no overlapping spray from multiple spray nozzles, indicated by the blue color. The figure on the right shows the same system after the spray headers were redesigned to double the number of spray nozzles. This change improved the removal performance of the system dramatically. The figures were generated by a computer program that calculates spray coverage for a fixed nozzle grid at a specified distance, normally 2 to 3 feet, from the nozzle. This is a good representation of the spray density to which the gas would be exposed. At lower boiler load, the amount of flue gas being treated is lower. Gas temperature can also be lower. At higher boiler loads, more gas is being treated, meaning that more SO2 is being absorbed and gas velocity is greater. These figures illustrate two types of gas-gas heat exchangers used for re-heating the treated flue gas. Since gas is not exchanged between the inlet and outlet, this design will not affect the overall removal efficiency of the system. These are the basic chemical reactions that occur during absorption and oxidation. In the absorption step, SO2 in the flue gas is absorbed into water, producing sulfurous acid. The strong sulfurous acid quickly disassociates into a hydrogen ion and bisulfite. The bisulfite can react with oxygen to generate sulfate and liberate a hydrogen ion. Alkalinity is necessary to neutralize the acidity from the sulfurous acid if SO2 removal is to continue. Dissolution of limestone produces the alkalinity. The dissolution of limestone also provides calcium ions that react with sulfate ions produced when absorber SO2 is oxidized, resulting in the precipitation of gypsum. The performance and reliability of an FGD system depend on a number of operating variables. These operating variables can be classified as those that the s