清宫廷吉礼用探究.pdf

清宫廷吉礼用乐研究 摘 要 本文以清代宫廷礼乐制度为切入点，着重探讨清代宫廷吉礼用乐的具体用乐内 容，从中探究清代宫廷吉礼用乐的特点。 首先，是对传统礼乐的探究，分别阐释了礼与乐的内在含义：“礼者，人之所 履也”、“乐者，人情之不免矣”礼为规范秩序,乐为人情所发的结论。文中分别 从礼乐文化构建与礼乐文化的审美观念加以探究，认为礼乐文化的审美观念是对 “和”的追求，而和之审美在礼乐中表现为音声之和、人人之和、天人之和。 其次，是对清代宫廷吉礼用乐文化的探究。清宫萨满祭祀音乐中神歌的旋律具 有原始的听觉审美倾向；其艺术表现手法与神鼓的节奏是促成乐人相和的途径；而 萨满神词以及祭祀活动所要达到的境界便是神与人在乐中的相融相合。另一方面， 清宫雅乐体系下的中和韶乐在其乐队的演奏实践以及内在含义上具有“八音克谐” 的内外相和特点；其一字一音的演奏，演唱特点在特定的仪式背景下，可以与人的 心理相契合，从而达到乐与人和；最终在乐舞的映衬下达到天人相和的音乐境界。 第三部分，是对清宫吉礼用乐文化特征的探究。认为清宫吉礼用乐具有政教性 与类宗教性以及集萃性和兼容性的文化特质性质。并对清宫吉礼用乐特点的成因加 以分析。最后对清宫吉礼用乐的成就与流弊做以回顾与反思。 关键词：清宫吉礼用乐，祭祀乐，雅乐，萨满音乐，中和韶乐 I RESEARCH ON QING IMPERIAL COURT AUSPICIOUS RITUAL MUSIC Abstract This paper used the Qing Dynasty Imperial court ritual music system as the starting point, focused on the specific contents of the Qing Dynasty Imperial court ritual music, and then explored the characteristics of the Qing Dynasty Imperial court ritual music. Firstly, the exploration of the traditional ritual music explained the profound meaning of both rites and music: the conclusions are as follows “Ritual is a kind of norm”, “Music is the expression of human emotions”. The paper explored from the aesthetic perspective of the ritual music culture construction and the ritual culture found out that the aesthetic perspective of the ritual music culture is due to the pursuit of harmony, but the aesthetic in the ritual music represents harmony between sounds, harmony between men, and harmony between heaven and man. Secondly, it is about the exploration of the Qing Dynasty Imperial court ritual music culture. In the Qing imperial shamanic ritual music the melody of God’s song has the original hearing aesthetic tendencies; its artistic expression methods with