医学影像重建原理.pptVIP

醫學影像重建原理 Pixel Smallest picture element in the image reconstructed from digital data, displayed on a matrix. Voxel Smallest volume unit, picture element. Cube-shaped volume element which is associated with a digitized point in a volume. Bit Depth Number of different colors (or gray shades) available in a data set for displaying each voxel value (HU). Bit Depth A bit can have either the value 1 or 0. Thus an image with “bit depth” 1 has a limited palette with only two colors, black and white. The bit depth 2 results in 4 colors (gray shades) etc. The currently used CT machines use 12 bits depth, which results in 4096 gray shades. Opacity A transparency value can be allocated to each voxel in a data set. Values range from 0.0 to 1.0 and determine whether a voxel should be displayed as transparent (low opacity) or as opaque (high opacity). Histogram Graphical representation in which the X axis corresponds to the voxel value (CT = Grayscale value). The Y axis represents the number of voxels with a certain voxel value. Ray Tracing Rendering All voxels in a data set serve for displaying a 3D image. Rendering refers to a process, e.g. rotation, projection etc. , which is required so that the image can be displayed as 3D image on the screen. Optimizing Fine adjustment of colors and transparency values to be able to differentiate tissue with similar voxel values. Postprocessing - CT Multi-Planar Reconstruction MPR Shaded Surface Display SSD Maximum Intensity Projection MIP Minimum Intensity Projection Volume Rendering Technique VRT Each voxel is selected according to the selected threshold value. The visible (i.e not hidden) surface of all selected voxels is displayed; all other voxels are treated as transparent. The computer projects a light source so that the images receive a three-dimensional appearance. Only 10% of the data set are used! Maximum Intensity Projection MIP Scans the volume along projection ray projection. The voxels with the highest value,