外语学习翻译郝老师的课件.ppt

懒惰的人不会成功 A lazy person will never succeed. Laziness makes it impossible for one to succeed. Laziness makes success impossible. 这位母亲很为有个聪明漂亮的女儿而骄傲 The mother is very proud to have an intelligent and pretty daughter. The intelligence and beauty of the daughter makes her mother very proud. 5. 汉英句子结构比较 汉语： “板块型” 或 “竹节型” 汉语句子往往是句子较短,结构紧凑,好似“万倾碧波层层推进” “左分支” 结构 (left-branching) “后重心”：重要信息放在后面。 “狮子头”（头大尾小） 英语: “多枝共干型” 或“葡萄串型” 英语句子如“老树参天, 枝杈横生”, 句子长, 插入成分多, 形成复杂嵌套结构. “右分支” 结构 (right-branching ) “前重心”：主要信息放在主句中，放在句首。前重后轻。 “孔雀尾”：头小尾大 句子扩展模式 汉语：逆线性延伸 首开放性 (open-beginning) 尾封闭性(close-ending) 英语：顺线性延伸 首封闭性 (close-beginning) 尾开放性 (open-ending) 句首开放性（左分支） 对。 不对。 他不对。 我认为他不对。 我告诉过你我认为他不对。 我明明告诉过你我认为他不对。 我开会时明明告诉过你我认为他不对。 我昨天开会时明明告诉过你我认为他不对。 句尾开放性（右分支） He is reading. He is reading a book. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain in the reading-room. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain in the reading-room on the second floor of our library. He is reading a book written by Mark Twain in the reading-room on the second floor of our library which has just opened. 前重心与后重心 英语句子和汉语句子的重心一般都落在结果、结论、假设或事实上； 但是重心的位置不同：英语句子一般时前重心；汉语句子一般是后重心。 1）原因和结果 生活中既有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。 Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life. 伪军士气低落，纷纷哗变、倒戈。 Desertions and defections are rife