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AJCS 8(5):791-798 (2014) ISSN:1835-2707 A genetic composition analysis of soybean sibling varieties Jidou17 and Ji nf58 Jun Qin, Fengmin Wang, Feng Gu, Jinghua Wang, Qiang Chen, Mengchen Zhang National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, North China Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean Ministry of Agriculture, Cereal Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050031, P.R. China *Corresponding author: mengchenzhang@ Abstract The purpose of this study was to reveal the genetic compositions of soybean varieties under large-scale cultivation and their cornerstone breeding lines and to provide information for the more effective utilization of the soybean germplasm in Chinese breeding programs. We examined the genetic compositions of the sibling varieties Jidou17 and Ji nf58, the maternal line Hobbit, and the paternal line Zao5241 and evaluated the genetic contributions from the parental lines to the offspring varieties. The genetic backgrounds of Jidou17, Ji nf58, and the parental lines were analyzed by using 408 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers that were distributed among 20 soybean linkage groups. Our study showed that 197 loci were polymorphic between the parental lines, whereas 211 loci were non-polymorphic. Differences in the genetic backgrounds between Jidou17 and Ji nf58 were primarily reflected by genetic loci variations in the linkage groups A1, B2, and K. The genetic contribution rates of the maternal line Hobbit and the paternal line Zao5241 to Jidou17 were 79.3% and 20.7%, respectively. In 17 of the 20 linkage groups, the maternal line Hobbit contributed more genetic loci to Jidou17 than the paternal line Zao5241. The large genomic