《必修2》知识点汇编（国外英文资料）.docVIP

《必修2》知识点汇编 High school biology required 2 knowledge compilation Chapter 1 discovery of genetic factors First, second section Mendels pea hybridization experiment I. Basic Concepts: (general knowledge) 1. traits: characters, relative characters, dominant characters, recessive characters and characters; 2. mating types: crossing, selfing and crossing 3. genes: genes, alleles, alleles, dominant genes, and recessive genes; 4. zygote types: homozygous and heterozygous 5. genotype and phenotype: phenotype is the result of interaction between genotype and environment. Two, Mendel experiment success reasons: (1) the correct selection of experimental materials: 1. Pea is strictly self pollinated plant (closed pollination); in natural condition, it is pure breed Two have easily distinguishable characters (2) the study of a pair of relative characters to many pairs of relative characters (from simple to complex) (3) statistical analysis of the experimental results (4) rigorous scientific design of experimental procedures: hypothesis - deductive method Experiment three, Mendel * pea hybrids (I) a pair of relative characters: P: tall stem pea, dwarf stem pea, DD * DD Down here F1: tall stem pea F1:Dd The lower self: self F2: tall stem pea, short stemmed pea F2:DD Dd DD 3:1 1:2:1 The essence of the law of gene segregation: in meiosis, gametes are separated from each other by homologous chromosomes, which are transmitted into the two gametes independently and are passed on to the offspring independently Related knowledge using links: 1, judgment hidden characters: as above. 2, the determination of individual genotype Example: a school animal feeding room raised 2 black and 1 white guinea pigs only guinea pigs, which black female guinea pigs (a) and white male guinea pigs (c) after mating, total reproductive 7 litters of guinea pig, one of 8 black, 6 white haired. Another black female guinea pig (b) and (c) white male guinea pigs after mating, reproduction of 7 litters of guinea pi