初一地理上册知识点：地球和地图（国外英文资料）.docVIP

初一地理上册知识点：地球和地图 Chapter 1 earth and map Section 1 earth and globes I. understanding the shape and size of the earth 1. the human understanding of earth processes: Tianyuandifang rarr days; such as hats, such as flip disc → Magellan led a fleet of one week around the earth → earth satellite photos. 2. the shape of the earth: in 1519 ~1522, the Magellan fleet completed a global tour to confirm that the earth is a sphere. He is an irregular sphere with a slightly flattened equator and a flattened double pole. 3. the size of the earth: The polar radius of the earth: 6357 km The radius of the earths equator: 6378 kilometers The average radius of the earth is 6371 km The maximum circumference of the earth: about 40 thousand kilometers The surface area of the earth is 510 million square kilometers Two. Earth model — globe 1. globe: people imitate the shape of the earth and reduce it in a certain proportion. The model mdash of the earth is made; the globe. People use different colors, symbols and words to represent the location, shape and name of geographical objects such as land, seas, mountains, rivers and lakes, countries and cities. 2. function: the globe can help us to know the face of the earth and understand the distribution of various geographical things on the surface of the earth. Three. Latitude and longitude 1. weft: a circle perpendicular to the earths axis and circling the earth for one week. (all the parallels are unequal, the longest weft is the equator, indicating the east-west direction). 2. longitude: a semicircle connecting the north and south poles and intersecting the equator. (all lines of longitude are equal, and they are only north-south directions. The meridional circle must be the corresponding two meridians, i.e., the degrees of the two meridians and 180deg, and divide the earth into two equal semicircle. 3. longitude and latitude: in order to distinguish the meridians and parallels, people demarcate them in different degrees, called longitude an