前置、后置与倒装.pptx

第39讲 后置、前置、倒装;structure;引入; 后置是一种语法手段，即为了表示强调而把一个非句尾成分移至句尾。 ;“旧信息+新信息”;;由于句尾焦点和句尾重心的关系，人们在组词成句时往往要将说话人认为最重要的内容置于句尾，使之处于突出的位置，这种语法手段叫做“后置”(Postponement)。 He gave me a book. He gave a book to me. 前者侧重在a book ，适合于回答What did he give me?后者侧重在me，适合回答Who did he give a book to?由此可见，间接宾语的位置虽然可前可后，但在一定上下文中它只能在前或者只能在后。;Combine each set of sentences into one sentence with necessary changes according to the stressed points indicated below:; 把正常词序中通常较晚出现的成分移至句首，使之处于突出的位置，从而受到特殊强调，这种语法手段叫做前置（Fronting）。使用前置手段表示强调，有时不必改变次序，有时则引起倒装（Inversion)。;一、不引起倒装的前置;;二、引起倒装的前置;; 最通常引起倒装的是某些状语的前置。这里有两种情况：一种是全部倒装（Full Inversion），另一种是部分倒装（Partial Inversion）。前者是整个谓语置于主语之前，后者仅是操作词置于主语之前。;a)当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词为go、come等表示位置转移的动态动词时，通常用全部倒装。 There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat. The door burst open and in rushed the crowd. Bang! Bang! Bang! Came three reports of firecrackers and Philip suddenly felt his body become light. ;当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也会引起全部倒装。 In this chapter will be found a partial answer. From the valley came a tinkling sound, a soothing moo, the lull of alien voices. ;当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，一般引起局部倒装 Never have I found him in such a good mood. Not for one minute do I think I have any hope of getting promoted No longer these days is it necessary for women to wear veils. When I was at school, on no account were we allowed to answer the master back. (顶嘴) Pete will retire soon. No more will his genius delight millions. ;句首状语若由“only+副词”、“only+介词词组”、“only+状语分词” 构成，也可引起局部倒装。 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets. Only because there were some cancelled bookings did he get some tickets in the end. ;以关联词not only (but also) 开头的句子或分句，往往引起局部倒装。 Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it. Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadn’t done a very good repair job either. ;以关联连词so (…that)开头的句子，在这种结构中，“so+形容词”是主语补语的前置；“so+副词”是状语的前置，前者引起全部倒装，后者引起局部倒装。 So dang