可降解纳米复合材料概要1.ppt

Biodegradable polymers and their layered silicatenanocomposites content Introduction Biodegradable polymers from renewable resources polylactide (PLA) （聚交酯） poly(3-hydroxy butyrate) (PHB) （聚羟基丁酯） Biodegradable polymers from petroleum sources poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)聚丁二酸丁二醇酯 poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)聚己内酯 poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)聚乙烯醇 PPC/montmorillonite nanocomposites 结语 Biodegradable plastics are polymeric materials in which at least one step in the degradation process is through metabolism（新陈代谢） in the presence of naturally occurring organisms. Under appropriate conditions of moisture, temperature and oxygen availability, biodegradation leads to fragmentation or disintegration of the plastics with no toxic or environmentally harmful residue. Today, tremendous amounts and varieties of plastics, notably polyolefins, polystyrene and poly (vinyl chloride) produced mostly from fossil fuels, are consumed and discarded into the environment, ending up as wastes that do not degrade spontaneously. On these backgrounds, there is an urgent need for the development of green polymeric materials that would not involve the use of toxic or noxious component in their manufacture and could be degrade in the natural environmental products. Properties and drawbacks of biodegradable polymers The problems associated with biodegradable polymers are threefold: performance, processing, and cost. excellent properties readily biodegradable drawbacks brittleness low heat distortion temperature high gas permeability low melt viscosity for further processing preparation to processing of biodegradable polymer-based nanocomposites, that is, green nanocomposites are the wave of the future and considered as the next generation materials. Polylactide (PLA) and its nanocomposites PLA is linear aliphatic thermoplastic polyester. Molecular structure of PLA is schematically presented in Fig. 1. High-molecular