国际商务Chap001概要1.pptVIP

International Business Textbook Charles W.L. Hill International Business (Ninth Edition) Reference book 国际商务 钦科陶（美国）机械工业出版社 2011 全球商务 彭维刚（美国）中国人民大学出版社 2010 国际商务 格林格（美国）中国人民大学出版社 2014 Chapter 1 Globalization What Is Globalization? Globalization - the shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy The world is moving away from self-contained national economies toward an interdependent, integrated global economic system Two components: globalization of markets globalization of production What Is The Globalization of Markets? Historically distinct and separate national markets are merging It no longer makes sense to talk about the “German market” or the “American market” Instead, there is the “global market” falling trade barriers make it easier to sell globally consumers’ tastes and preferences are converging on some global norm firms promote the trend by offering the same basic products worldwide What Is The Globalization of Markets? Firms of all sizes benefit and contribute to the globalization of markets 97% of all U.S. exporters have less than 500 employees 98% of all small and mid-sized German companies participate in international markets What Is The Globalization of Production? Firms source goods and services from locations around the globe to capitalize on national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production like land, labor, energy, and capital Companies can lower their overall cost structure improve the quality or functionality of their product offering Why Do We Need Global Institutions? Global institutions help manage, regulate, and police the global marketplace promote the establishment of multinational treaties to govern the global business system Why Do We Need Global Institutions? Examples include the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) the World Trade Organization (WTO) the International Monetary Fund (IMF) the World Bank the United Nations (UN) the