国际航运业务英语与电函第七课概要1.ppt

Lesson 7Cargo Work Ⅰ. Overview The obligation [responsibility, duty] of the carrier is to do everything necessary to deliver the cargo to the consignee in as good condition as when it was entrusted [entrust sb. with sth., entrust sth. to sh./sth.] to the carrier. The carrier therefore must ensure that all cargo handling operations [cargo work, stevedoring], including [inclusive of] the loading, stowing, carrying [transporting] and discharging are done properly and carefully. Before loading commences [starts] at a port, all holds of a ship should be well swept out [clear away / off / out / up] and ventilated（通风）to ensure that the space is clean, dry, odorless（无臭） and without any residue [remains, leftover] of a previous [prior] cargo. Besides, a stowage plan must be made out carefully by the chief officer. He should also take into consideration [consider] the following principles in the handling of stowage and carriage [transport] of cargo. (1) The Most Efficient Use of Space This means that every cubic foot of ship’s space must be utilized to the best advantage and the broken stowage（亏仓） [dead space, broken space] reduced to the minimum. (2) The Highest Possible Port Speed The distribution of cargo in the holds must be such as to assist [facilitate, help] correct and speedy cargo handling. It is customary [usual/common practice] to stow（装载） the cargo in reverse（相反） order of the intended discharge to avoid rearrangements of the consignments, and will not affect the ship’s stability, trim （匀称）or strength. (3) The Safety of the Cargo Pilferage（偷窃） [theft] of cargo parcels （包裹）[lots] must be avoided by stowing them in such a way that they are blocked （闭塞）off by heavier and stout （坚固）packages. Valuable cargo must be stowed in a special compartment（各别室）. Cargoes in the same hold or compartment must be compatible, i.e. cargoes which give off [send out/release] moisture （潮气）[damp, humidity] or strong odor（恶臭） must not be put near the cargo which absorbs（吸收） m