语境化.pptVIP

翻译中的语境化 甘柏兹 (Gumperz): 语境化contextualization—语言交际的参与者构建语境的过程; 语境化的过程中，旧的语境假设不断得到修正、充实和优化，形成更便于处理新的语境的基础； “语境化信号”（contextualization cues），即指发话者的有意识的重读、语调、节奏、笑声等； A 1: H i, Tommy. B1: H i, George. A 2: Are you going out this morning? B2: No, why? A 3: That is your bike, isn’t it? B3: Yes, my grandpa gave it to me two years ago on my 19th birthday. A 4: I’ve go t to take my dog to the vet. Can you let me use it? B4: W ell, uh, yes. Take it. “去年今日此门中, 人面桃花相映红。人面不知何处去, 桃花依旧笑春风。” 崔护 《题都城南庄》 A Retrospect On this day last year what a party were we!\ Pink cheeks and pink peach - blossoms smiled\ upon me; \but alas the pink cheeks are now far away. \though the peach 一blossoms smiled as the\smiled on that day. (夏仲翼, 1998，Giles ) “去年今日此门中, 人面桃花相映红。人面不知何处去, 桃花依旧笑春风。” 崔护 《题都城南庄》 Poem Written for the South Village of Jun Tow Last year on this morning, \ I walked through the village.\in one courtyard, \I saw the face of a woman. \And the peach blossom s,\a pale red reflect ion pale red. \Now I see the courtyard empty, \the women no longer there. \Only the peach blossoms, \tremble on the wind. . . (舒奇志, 杨华,1999) Unlike Athens , Beijing did not squander the three years after it was awarded the Games . ?? But China’s advantage in planning also comes from its centralized, undemocratic government , which can make unilateral decisions about Olympic planning ? 在中国,规划办事的优势来自于中央政府领导下的统一决策, ?? (《2008 :中国制造———体坛故事》, 47 页) * * * “言不孤立,托境方生。 “语境在所有翻译中都是最重要的因素, 其重要性大于任何法规、任何理论、任何基本词义。” —— 纽马克 (1982) Contextualization in translator-and interpreter-mediated events by Mona Baker 认知语境与交际语境 静态语境与动态语境 语境化翻译 中立场与权力话语 语境理论的发展 马林诺夫斯基（B.Malinowski， 1923 ）： 文化语境（context of culture） 情景语境（context of situation） 弗斯（J.R.Firth）： 上下文（context）（ 由语言因素构成） 情景上下文（