法律英语第七课刑法.ppt

法律英语 Lesson Seven Criminal Law It is better to fight for justice than to rail at the ill.Alfreds Tennyson, British writer　 与其责骂罪恶，不如伸张正义。英国作家 丁尼生 A　 Background ★ 美国刑法的主要渊源是：联邦宪法、源于英国并且在各州得到不同发展的关于惩罚犯罪的普通法、州刑法和联邦刑法。但是刑法主要还是属于各州的司法管辖权范围。 ★ 合理辩护理由：未成年；错误；精神不正常；醉酒状态； 被迫行为；正当防卫；紧急避险；警察圈套。 Background ★ 美国刑法的具体犯罪可以粗略的分为四个部分： 侵犯人身罪、侵犯财产罪、刑法典中的其他犯罪以及职业性 经济犯罪。 Words crime n. 罪行；罪恶；恶行 criminal n. adj. 罪犯、犯人； 犯罪的 crime against humanity crime by taking advantage of credit cards/duty crime concerning securities/VAT invoices crime of auditors providing falsified certification crime of homicide Words criminal case criminal group criminal procedure at first instance criminal procedure at second instance commit v 犯（罪）从事 commit armed robbery commit murder commit a new crime Words justifiable 合法的、正当的 justifiable defense justifiable homicide 刑罚名称： death penalty death penalty with a reprieve penalty for life fixed-term imprisonment penal servitude put (sb.) under public surveillance CLICK TO ADD TEXT Background Model Penal Code Model Penal Code was created by a group of law professors, judges, and lawyers to offer a comprehensive revision of the criminal law. The Model Penal Code is not law and has no binding effect. It has, however, been the model for many state criminal codes and has been very influential on state and local legislators. /model-penal-code.htm 刑法的三个主要问题 Crime—felony; misdemeanor Punishment – guidelines for sentencing (量刑指南) Criminal liability Insanity defense精神不正常辩护 TEXT Homicide Not all homicides are criminal. Justifiable homicide ——正当杀人 Excusable homicide ——可宽恕的杀人 Justifiable homicide Self-defense 正当防卫 Police officer ……to prevent the commission of a forcible felony 警察预防暴力性重罪 To prevent a dangerous felon escaping 防止危险的重罪犯逃跑 Excusable homicide A person accidentally and without gross negligence causes the death of another individual. Criminal homicide——有罪杀人 A killing amounts to a criminal homicide when it done without lawful justification