当代医学(ECCM)_I_4.pptVIP

Chapter 4 DNA’s Vast Influence in Medical, Ethical and Social Realms B. Listen to a passage “ DNA” three times and fill in each blank with the word or sentence from the audio clip. February 28th marked an important (1) ___________. On that day fifty years ago, American scientist James Watson and British scientist Francis Crick told people about a (2) ___________. The two young scientists had found the (3)___________ of deoxyribonucleic acid—better known as DNA. Every cell in every living thing contains DNA. This (4) _______________ molecule carries the information to make living things from one (5) ____________ to the next. James Watson and Francis Crick worked at Cambridge University in England. They found that each (6)___________ of DNA is in the shape of a double helix. Imagine (7) __________ the steps of a ladder. But this ladder does not go (8) ________ up. Instead, it turns to the right, around and around itself. That is what a double helix looks like. (9) ___________________________________ _________________________________________. Think of these as sets of building plans. Genes are carried on lengths of DNA called chromosomes. Almost every human cell has forty-six chromosomes. Half come from our mothers, half from our fathers. The chemicals that make up DNA are nucleic acids. There are just four kinds: adenine (腺嘌呤), thymine, guanine and cytosine (胞核嘧啶). (10) ______________________________________ _________________________________________. Scientists say human chromosomes have about three-thousand-million pairs of these bases. Each step of the double helix is a base made up of two kinds of nucleic acid. How these bases are organized along the ladder provides the information stored in genes. (11) _____________ ___________________________________________________________________________________. C. Listen to a passage “ Animal Cloning” twice. While listening, you are to give a 1. What does DNA research involve? _____________