河北省唐山市山间盆地岩溶塌陷特点及成因分析——以遵化市刘备寨村岩溶塌陷为例.pdfVIP

第27卷第6期 水土保持通报 Vo1．27。No．6 2007年12月 Bulletin of Soi1 and Water Conservation Dec．，2007 河北省唐山市山间盆地岩溶塌陷特点及成因分析 以遵化市刘备寨村岩溶塌陷为例 左文拮 ，董军义 ，刘善军 ，费书民 ，陶志刚 (1．河北理工大学 资源与环境学院，河北 唐山063009；2．河北省地勘局，河北 唐山063004) 摘 要：发生在唐山市西北部山间盆地的岩溶塌陷，具有与唐山市区不完全相同的时空分布特点。它主要 发生在枯水季节末期和雨季初的交替时期；在不同厚度盖层中塌陷均有分布，不存在稳定的盖层厚度；第 四系松散岩类孔隙水与岩溶水之间不形成双层水位。根据上述特点，运用抽水对土洞的形成和发展理论， 说明该区岩溶塌陷的主要诱发因素是大强度开采岩溶地下水，而在盖层厚度较薄的基岩与第四系交汇处， 塌陷多与降雨有直接关系。针对该区塌陷灾害的分布规律，提出了防治岩溶塌陷的防治对策。 关键词：山间盆地；岩溶塌陷；机制分析；防治措施 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000--288X(2007)O6一O174一O4 中图分类号：P588．2 A Study on Formation Mechanisms and Characteristics of Karst Collapse in Intermontane Basin -- Take Karst Collapse in Liubeizhai Village of Tangshan City as an Example ZUO Wen—zhe ，DONG Jun-yi ～，LIU San-ju ，FEI Su—min ，TAO Zhi—gang (1．School of Resources and Environment，Hebei Polytechnic University，Tangshan，Hebei 063009，China； 2．The 5th Team，Hebei Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration and Development，Tangshan，Hebei 063004，China) Abstract：Karst collapse in intermontane basin is not completely different from that in Tangshan City．The karst collapse occurred mostly in the period between lower water and high water and it happened in loose COY— er of different thicknesses．In the region，water table in loose cover iS the same as that in bedrock．On the basis of the characteristics，the main causes of karst collapse are analyzed in terms of the formation mecha— nism of soil cavity．It is found that over pumped groundwater induces karst collapse in thick cover while rain— water seepage induces karst collapse in thin cover．The measures for preventing collapse are proposed accord— ing to the distribution of the disaster． Keywords：intermountain basin