机械工程英语叶邦彦第二单元到第四单元课文+翻译.docVIP

Unit 2 Numerical Control of Production Equipment Unit 2 生产设备的数字控制 Numerical Control (NC) is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment is controlled by means of numbers, letters, and other symbols. The numbers, letters, and symbols are coded in an appropriate format to define a program of instructions for a particular work-part or job. 数控是程序控制的自动化，在数字控制系统中，设备通过数字，字母和符号来编码，以一种合适的格式为每一个特定的零件或工件定义一个程序指令集。When the job changes, the program of instructions is changed. The capability to change the program is what makes NC suitable for low-and medium-volume production. It is much easier to write new programs than to make major alterations of the processing equipment.当工件变化时，程序也变化，改变程序的能力亦适合中小批量生产。写一个新程序比改变大量生产设备要容易的多。 Basic Components of NC 数控基本结构 A numerical control system consists of the following three basic components: 数控系统由下面三部分组成： ? Program of instructions控制程序 ? Machine control unit机器控制单元 ? Processing equipment加工设备 The general relationship among the three components is illustrated in Fig. 2.1. The program is fed into the control unit, which directs the processing equipment accordingly. 三部分的基本关系，由图2.1 所示。程序输入到控制单元由送入的程序来引导加工设备控制。 The program of instruction is the detailed step-by-step commands that direct the processing equipment. 指导程序是一步步详细的指导加工设备的指令。 In its most common form, the commands refer to positions of a machine tool spindle with respect to the worktable on which the part is fixtured. 通常指令把主轴上刀具相对于安装工具的工作台定位。More advanced instructions include selection of spindle speeds, cutting tools, and other functions. The program is coded on a suitable medium for submission to the machine control unit. 更多先进的说明包括主轴的转速，加工工具的选择及其功能。The most common medium in use over the last several decades has been 1-in.-wide punched tape. 程序刻在合适的介质中，提交到机器控制单元中，在过去几十年中，最常用的介质是一英寸宽的打孔纸带。Because of the widespread use of the punched tape, NC is sometimes called “tape control”. However, this is a misnomer in modern usage of numerical control . 由于打孔纸带