机器视觉 lec02_camera.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * It gets inverted * * * Computer vision is an inverse problem * * * * * * * This way the image is right-side-up * * * * * f = infinity * * * * * * * * * * * * * Camera Models Camera Models Camera Models Perspective projection transformation Camera Models The camera matrix Camera Models The camera matrix World reference system World reference system World reference system No distortion Pin cushion Barrel Radial Distortion Caused by imperfect lenses Deviations are most noticeable for rays that pass through the edge of the lens More about a real camera Depth of Field How can we control the depth of field? Changing the aperture size affects depth of field A smaller aperture increases the range in which the object is approximately in focus But small aperture reduces amount of light – need to increase exposure Varying the aperture Large apeture = small DOF Small apeture = large DOF Nice Depth of Field effect Tilt-shift lenses Tilting the lens with respect to the image plane allows to choose an arbitrary plane of focus Standard setup: plane of focus is parallel to image plane and lens plane image plane lens plane plane of focus shift tilt Tilt-shift lenses Tilting the lens with respect to the image plane allows to choose an arbitrary plane of focus Scheimpflug principle: plane of focus passes through the line of intersection between the lens plane and the image plane image plane tiltedlens plane plane of focus shift tilt “Fake miniatures” Olivo Barbieri: /cda/story.php?artid=1760 Field of View (Zoom) Slide by A. Efros Field of View (Zoom) Slide by A. Efros f FOV depends of Focal Length Smaller FOV = larger Focal Length Field of View / Focal Length Large FOV, small f Camera close to car Small FOV, large f Camera far from the car Same effect for faces standard wide-angle telephoto Source: Hartley Zisserman Approximating an affine camera Real lenses Lens Flaws: Chromatic Aberration Lens has different refractiv