材料专业英语-Lesson 5.ppt

Lesson 4 Radical Combination Reaction The rate of combination of simple radicals Simple collision theory The rate of atom combination Diatomic molecule The bond dissociation energy Activated species Collision Vibration and rotation Lesson 5 Emulsion Polymerization 乳液聚合 Emulsion polymerization is a method for the production of polymers. Water acts as the continuous phase in which the monomers can polymerize and the monomer is present in monomer droplets in the water. The monomers are polymerized in micelles(胶束), that are formed by surfactant. The reaction is started with a water-soluble initiator. After the reaction has come to completion the formed product is called a latex. This latex consists of a colloidal dispersion of the polymer particles in water. droplet [‘dr?pl?t] n. 小滴，液滴 micelle [m?’sel]n. 胶束 surfactant [s?‘f?kt(?)nt] n. 表面活性剂 colloidal [k?l?id?l]adj. 胶体的 An important feature of emulsion polymerization is the possibility to combine the properties of two or more monomers into one polymer. This process is called copolymerization and is usually carried out in two steps: first one monomer is polymerized to form a seed latex containing the first polymer and after that the seed latex is further polymerized with the other monomer(s) to make polymer chains with the desired properties. Advantages of emulsion polymerization include: Disadvantages of emulsion polymerization include: 乳液聚合----单体在水中分散成乳液状态的聚合。 传统（或经典）乳液聚合体系的基本配方由单体、水、水溶性引发剂和水溶性乳化剂四组分构成。 乳液聚合的优缺点 优点： (1)聚合反应速度快，分子量高，可同时实现高聚合速率和高分子量； 　(2)聚合体系即使在反应后期粘度也很低,因而也适于制备高粘性的聚合物； 　(3)用水作介质，生产安全及减少环境污染； 　(4)聚合热易扩散,聚合反应温度易控制； 　(5)可直接以乳液形式使用，聚合后乳胶直接用作涂料和粘结剂，如丁苯胶乳、丙烯酸酯类胶乳等。 缺点：　　 产品中留有乳化剂等杂质，难以完全除干净，影响制品性能； 为得到固体聚合物,需经过凝聚、分离、洗涤、干燥等工序； 反应器的生产能力也比本体聚合时低。 mechanism [‘mek?niz?m] n. 机制；机理 mechanistic [mek?‘nistik]adj. 机械论的；机理的 element [‘elim?nt] n. 元素；要素；元件；电池；电极；小单位； permit[p?‘mit] vt.允许；许可： 使有可