材料科学与工程基础5.pptVIP

材料科学与工程基础Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering Materials Science and Engineering:An Introduction / William D. Callister, Jr.; 7th ed., John Wiley Sons, Inc.,2007 材料科学与工程基础，顾宜，化学工业出版社，2002 Materials Science and Engineering:An Introduction 导论 原子结构与化学键 晶体结构 界面 扩散 金属的力学性能 位错及材料的增强机制 失效 相图 相变 合金的加工工艺与性能 陶瓷的结构和性能 陶瓷的加工工艺和应用 * 高分子的结构 高分子的特征、加工工艺和应用 复合材料 材料的腐蚀和失效 材料的电学性质 热学性质 磁学性质 光学性质 材料选择与设计 材料科学与工程的经济、环境和社会问题 铁合金分类 铁-石墨相图 Gray iron 500X Nodular (ductile) iron 200X White iron 400X Malleable iron 150X Compacted graphite iron 100X 钢和灰口铁的减震效果 Classification scheme of metal fabrication techniques Metal deformation during (a) forging, (b) rolling, (c) extrusion, and (d) drawing. Schematic crosssectional representation showing the zones in the vicinity of a typical fusion weld. The iron–iron carbide phase diagram in the vicinity of the eutectoid, indicating heat-treating temperature ranges for plain carbon steels. Schematic diagram of Jominy endquench specimen (a) mounted during quenching and (b) after hardness testing from the quenched end along a ground flat. The Jominy End-Quench Test Typical hardenability plot of Rockwell C hardness as a function of distance from the quenched end. Hardenability curves for five different steel alloys, each containing 0.4 wt% C. Approximate alloy compositions (wt%) are as follows: 4340–1.85 Ni, 0.80 Cr, and 0.25 Mo; 4140–1.0 Cr and 0.20 Mo; 8640–0.55 Ni, 0.50 Cr, and 0.20 Mo; 5140–0.85 Cr; and 1040 is an unalloyed steel. Correlation of hardenability and continuous cooling information for an iron–carbon alloy of eutectoid composition. Hardenability curves for four 8600 series alloys of indicated carbon content. The hardenability band for an 8640 steel indicating maximum and minimum limits. Cooling rate as a function of diameter at surface, three-quarters radius (3、/4R ), midradius (1/2R ), and center positions for cylindrical bars quenched in mildly gitated (a) water and (b) oil. Equivalent Jominy positions are included along