汽车工程专业英语(2.1-2.4).ppt

2.1 Principle of Operation 2.2 Engine Block and Cylinder Head 2.3 Piston, Connecting Rod and Crankshaft 2.4 Engine and Transmission Mounting 2.5 Valve System 2.1 工作原理 2.2 发动机体和气缸盖 2.3 活塞、连杆和曲轴 2.4 发动机和变速器组件 2.5 气门系统 2.6 Gasoline Fuel System 2.7 Diesel Engine 2.8 Engine Cooling 2.9 Engine Lubrication 2.10 Emission 2.6 汽油燃料系统 2.7 柴油发动机 2.8 发动机的冷却 2.9 发动机的润滑 2.10 排放 2.1 Principle of Operation 2.1.1 Energy and power: Energy is used to produce power. The chemical energy in fuel is converted to heat by the burning of the fuel at a controlled rate. This process is called combustion. 2．1 工作原理 2．1．1 能源和动力 能源用于产生动力。燃料以控制的速率燃烧，燃料中的化学 能转换为热能。这个过程叫做燃烧。 If engine combustion occurs within the power chamber, the engine is called an Internal combustion Engine. If engine takes place outside the cylinder, the engine is called an external combustion engine. 如果发动机燃烧发生在动力室内，这种发动机叫做内燃机。 如果燃烧发生在气缸外，这样的发动机叫做外燃发动机。 Engines used in automobiles are internal combustion heat engines. Heat energy released in the combustion chamber raises the temperature of the combustion gases within the chamber. 汽车使用的发动机是内燃热发动机。在燃烧室内释放的热能 提高了室内燃烧气体的温度。 The increase in gas temperature causes the pressure of the gases to increase. The pressure developed within the combustion chamber is applied to the head of a piston to produce a usable mechanical force, which is then converted into useful mechanical power. 气体温度的增加使气体的压力增加。在燃烧室内产生的压力 作用于活塞的顶部，产生机械力，这个力转换成有用的机械 动力。 2.1.2 Engine terms Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn. The power stroke uses up the gas, so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture: this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves; 活塞通过连杆和曲轴连接，使得气体带动曲轴旋转半圈。作功 冲程耗尽了所有的气体，这样就必须采取相应的措施排出废气 以及向气缸内充入新鲜的可燃混合气：气体的运动由气门来控 制. 2.1.2: Engine Terms