汽车构造(发动机)中英文课件1-4.ppt

Crush height 4-10. The amount of crush is known as the crush height. Bearing materials The bearing used in today’s engines must be: Strong enough to withstand the pressures of the motion of the piston and connecting rod; Long-wearing enough to last for tens of thousands of miles; Soft enough to shape themselves to the journal without damaging the journal. The foundation of a modern bearing is a half-circle steel shell(半圈钢片) called the backing shell(基片) or bearing shell(轴承片). A second metal is melted onto the inside of this shell to from the inner surface of the bearing. This second mental is aluminum(铝), tin(锡), a copper-lead alloy(铜铅合金), or babbitt(巴比合金,一种铜,锑,锡合金,(机)巴比合金轴承衬) (a soft alloy of tin, copper,and antimony(锑)). Some bearing have layers of different materials. See fig.4-11, bearing made of three metals are called tri-mental bearings. There also are babbitt bearings, aluminum-coated(镀,涂层) bearing, and copper-lead bearings(铜铅轴承). Bearing metal Steel backing shell Fig4-11 Bearings have a steel shell. A layer of one or more soft metals gives the bearing a smooth inner surface. The function of bearings Load-carrying capacity(承载能力) High compression ratio ---- as high as several thousand pounds per square inch(1000psi=6895Kpa) Fatigue resistance ( 抗疲劳性 ) the metal making up the inner surface of the bearing must be soft enough to withstand fatigue. Embeddability( 吸收小颗粒能力 ) is the ability of bearing to absorb small pieces of dirt. Conformability (与轴径尺寸的变形一致 ) The bearing must be soft enough to conform to the shape of the journal. Corrosion resistance ( 抗腐蚀性) to combat corrosion produced by acids that combustion creates. Wearability( 磨损性) must be hard enough to wear well. Main bearings See Fig 4-12 Crankshaft has another set of journals called Main journals or main-bearing journals(主轴径) # see Fig4-13 In the body of engine,the bearings that fit around the main journals are called main bearings or (主轴承)mains. # see Fig 4-14,15